科创中国

构建一个知识产权保护强度评价指标体系,准确测量知识产权保护强度,既是实证研究的基础,也是各类理论模型得以验证的前提条件.本文对近年来国内外主要的知识产权保护强度的测量方法进行了详细梳理,并通过比较分析了现有研究存在的不足,为进一步研究知识产权保护强度的测量方法以及构建我国知识产权保护强度评价指标体系提供方法借鉴.

Conservation?of?endangered?sympatric?species?must?be?carefully?executed?to?ensure?that?the?protection?of?one?species?does?not?negatively?impact?the?survival?of?another.?Critically?endangered?Pecos?gambusia?Gambusia?nobilis?and?Leon?Springs?pupfish?Cyprinodon?bovinus,?which?are?endemic?to?a?threatened?desert?spring?habitat,?exemplify?one?such?scenario.?Recently,?this?habitat?has?been?expanded,?and?captively?bred?C.?bovinus?were?released?to?repopulate?an?area?historically?known?to?contain?this?species.?A?previous?study?suggested?that?G.?nobilis?are?detrimental?to?C.?bovinus?populations,?due?to?their?tendency?to?congregate?near?spawning?pairs?and?feed?on?their?eggs.?Whether?G.?nobilis?are?attracted?to?territorial?C.?bovinus,?regardless?of?spawning?behavior,?remains?unclear.?To?determine?this,?the?number?of?G.?nobilis?in?occupied?and?unoccupied?breeding?territories?of?both?wild?and?captively?bred?C.?bovinus?was?measured.?Gambusia?nobilis?densities?were?similar?between?unoccupied?and?occupied?territorial?sites,?suggesting?that?they?do?not?show?a?preference?for?C.?bovinus?territories.?Regardless?of?habitat?location?or?prior?captivity,?territorial?C.?bovinus?significantly?excluded?G.?nobilis?within?their?direct?vicinity?(5?cm),?but?not?from?their?entire?territory.?Decreased?G.?nobilis?density?within?the?habitat?may?allow?C.?bovinus?to?defend?their?breeding?territories?more?readily?during?the?summer?spawning?season.?This?study?provides?empirical?evidence?of?captively?raised?individuals?behaving?similarly?to?wild?indi-?viduals?upon?reintroduction?to?their?natural?habitat?and?support?for?conservation?methods?that?focus?on?common?limiting?factors?between?endangered?species?[Current?Zoology?60?(4):?527-533,?2014].

We?examine?the?conservation?status?of?Africa's?"Big?Five":?lion,?leopard,?buffalo,?black?and?white?rhinoceros?and?elephant,?and?the?role?of?behavioral?knowledge?in?their?conservation.?Efforts?to?conserve?these?flagship?species?consist?of?in?situ?conservation,?captive?breeding?and?reintroductions.?With?a?few?exceptions,?we?find?limited?evidence?that?knowledge?of?behavior?informs?conservation?programs?targeted?at?these?species.?For?management?in?the?wild,?knowledge?of?infanticide?and?ranging?can?provide?guidelines?for?realistic?hunting?quotas?and?corridors?between?protected?areas,?respectively.?For?ex?situ?and?reintroduction?programs,?behavioral?knowledge?is?chiefly?focused?on?improved?animal?husbandry.?Despite?a?formidable?understanding?of?these?species'?behavior,?the?practicalities?of?using?such?knowledge?may?be?diminished?because?exploitation?of?these?species?is?so?forceful?and?the?bulk?of?efforts?aimed?at?conserving?these?species?(and?indeed?most?other?African?species)?are?primarily?in?situ?where?behaviorally?driven?interventions?are?limited.?Our?comparative?findings?suggest?that?behavior?has?been?of?rather?narrow?use?in?the?conservation?of?these?flagship?species?[Current?Zoology?60?(4):?486--499,?2014].

该文以陕西省千阳县燕伋历史街区规划为例.探讨了历史文化街区的保护再利用问题,提出了调整街区空间结构、转化文化内涵与街区功能、保护街区历史文化风貌、塑造公共空间景观节点等一系列方法.

继电保护技术的发展,迫切需要运用技术监督这一科学的管理方法,提高继电保护工作的有效性,减少盲目性.继电保护应通过技术监督手段,利用科学的方法,对设备内部微观变化过程进行监督检查和量化分析,判断其安全程度,采取预防性措施,有效地控制变化速度,使设备在预期的时间内保持良好的状态和安全运行.

本文分析了压敏电阻、瞬态抑制二极管、静电保护元件、陶瓷气体放电管、玻璃放电管、半导体放电管等电路浪涌保护器件的特性、特点和选用方法,并汇总作了性能比较.

通过宏达煤矿保护层选择、本层与邻近层瓦斯预抽和卸压拦截抽、采空区抽采等防突与防灾研究,实现了强突出煤层群安全生产,解决了强突出煤层群不能采取上保护层或下保护层时首采工作面瓦斯治理这一世界性难题,提供了瓦斯灾害严重的突出矿井实现安全生产的又一有效方法.

危险废物产生、处置、综合利用的真实情况是危险废物管理的基础,本文结合单位在本市危险废物处置的工作实践,指出了危险废物处置及管理中存在的问题,并提出优化建议.

CAE模型具有很强的层次性与结构性,被广泛用于复杂的信息安全测评过程中.采用CAE模型对等级测评的过程进行建模,将测评过程的多个层面简化为声明-论据-证据三种层次,并从测评指标的选择和测评结果的融合两个方面具体说明了CAE模型的作用.结果表明等级测评的过程完全可以归纳入CAE模型中,等级测评的过程与CAE模型的分解和推理过程是一致的,进一步验证了信息安全等级保护标准支持下的等级测评的有效性和合理性.

从1996年开始,随着我国相继颁布了《中华人民共和国体育法》、《特殊标志管理条例》、《奥林匹克标志保护条例》以及国家工商行政管理总局、海关等部门颁布的相关管理规章和制度,体育知识产权保护不断得到重视.但仍应看到我国体育知识产权保护仍存在制度不完善、产权界定不够明确、保护制度跟不上体育科学技术的飞速发展,对知识产权保护的价值宣传不够、保护意识不强和学术研究不深入等问题.最后提出我国应该建立清晰的体育产权制度、把体育知识产权纳入知识产权发展战略、修改和完善我国体育知识产权法律制度体系等体育知识产权保护措施.