科创中国

汽车行驶速度是公路设计指标的重要依据,更是道路交通安全的重要因素.然而.近年来随着我国高速公路通车里程的增加,公路设计人员的实践经验逐渐年积累,意识到现行路线设计规范采用的计算行车速度方法已不能真实反映我国交通的实际运行特性,无法保证线形标准的协调一致性,存在一定的安全隐患.为进一步保障和提高我国公路的行车安全,交通部颁发了《公路项目安全性评价指南》,初步提出了对我国公路安全性评价的内容、方法和标准,从行车安全性的角度要求高速公路和一级公路需进行公路安全性评价,以达到减少交通事故,降低交通事故危害的目的.本文正是基于这一条件,针对公路线形连续是保证汽车安全行驶的基本要素,结合某高速公路初步设计阶段,应用《公路项目安全性评价指南》中的运行速度协调性与设计速度与运行速度协调性,分析计算高速公路初步设计阶段的平、纵面线形设计的运行速度,对其整体线形的一致性进行分析评价.以求为下一阶段平、纵面指标的优化调整提供参考意见.

Satellite-tracking technology has allowed scientists to make a quantum leap in the field of migration ecology. Nowadays, the basic description of migratory routes of many species of birds has been reported. However, the investigation of bird migration at individual level (i.e. repeatability in migratory routes and timing) still remains seldom explored. Here, we investigated repeated migratory trips of a trans-Saharan endangered migratory raptor, the Egyptian Vulture Neophron percnopterus, tracked by GPS satellite telemetry. We compared between- and within-individual variation in migratory routes and timing in order to assess the degree of repeatability (or conversely, the flexibility) in migration. To this end, we analysed a dataset of 48 trips (23 springs and 25 autumns) recorded for six adult birds during 2007-2013. Our results showed consistent migration timing at the individual level, both in spring and autumn. Interestingly, there was a high degree of flexibility in the routes followed by the same individual in different years, probably due to variations in meteorological conditions. Contrary to expectations of a faster migration in spring than in autumn owing to a time-minimization strategy for breeding, birds spent less time in autumn migration (13 ± 2 days, range = 9-18 d) than in spring migration (19 ± 3 days, range = 13-26 d), which can be explained by differences in environmental con- ditions en route. Egyptian vultures showed a consistent clockwise loop migration through western Africa, following more easterly routes in autumn than in spring. Finally, our results provide supporting evidence of low phenotypic plasticity in timing of migration (i.e. strong endogenous control of migration) and high flexibility in routes [Current Zoology 60 (5): 642-652, 2014].

马德里公共卫生局制定的设计竞赛任务书明确规定了雷·胡安·卡洛斯医院各种空间及其功能要求.设计方案根据人口统计学、社会经济学的方法统计出的医疗事件发生的频率,进行医院诊疗、管理和组织等方面的设计.设计项目尊重向阳的朝向、地形、周边的已有建筑环境和绿色空间;至于市政条件等更是充分研究;对医院内部的各

冰雪天气极大困扰了寒冷地区高速公路的冬季通行,对道路交通安全与交通效率造成不同程度的不利影响.冰雪覆盖道路表面时,路面抗滑性能产生复杂而深刻的变化,导致不同条件下的路面摩擦系数显著不同.冰雪的检测与预警包含两个层面的含义,一是道面现况的判断,通过仪器或设备直接检测是否存在冰雪;二是道面未来状况的判断,通过一些广泛的现况参数(道面温度、大气温度,降雪量,露点温度等),推测出未来一段时间内道面是否会结冰.因此,冰雪检测与预警需从逻辑上分为三个层面,首先是道路气象数据的现场采集与处理,判断道面状况(水、冰、雪等);其次是利用气象相关模型,判断出冰雪演变轨迹;最后是冰雪的报警、发布和处理,构建出一体化的冰雪检测与预警系统.

燕子沟景区位于贡嘎山风景名胜区的东坡,2009年10月1日建成后试运营至今,其生态环保型的开发建设,不仅为甘孜州东部的环贡嘎山世界精品旅游区的旅游资源开发提供了环保型的景区公路配套条件,还会更加有力的促进甘孜州民族地区经济与环境的和谐发展,同时满足了世界旅游业的发展趋势以及提升旅游景区品位的需要.本文总结了其景区公路建设前后的生态环境保护经验,以期为东坡乃至全省的旅游开发建设提供借鉴.

一个偶然的机会,乘车路过当年"五七干校"的旧址.昔日的稻田正变成鳞次栉比的楼群,而干校门前的那条坑坑洼洼的水泥路已经为斜贯西南与西北的高速公路所代替.然而,纵是千变万化,刻印在人们大脑中的非常记忆是不会因此而磨灭的.

从国内多条高速公路桥梁加宽工程的经验,总结出3种典型的桥梁加宽连接方式:上、下部结构均进行连接,上、下部结构均不连接,上部连接、下部结构不连接.介绍桥梁加宽工程中上部结构空心板、T梁、箱梁3种典型连接方式.

By recording nocturnally migrating passerines with tracking radar we have investigated how coastlines affect the migrants' flight paths. Birds could use coastlines as an orientation aid or as a reference cue to compensate for wind drift while mi- grating. However, on the small scale of Falsterbo Peninsula in southern Sweden, we found very little effect of coastlines on migrants flight paths, irrespective of altitude. We tracked 2 930 migrants in three autumn and two spring seasons, at altitudes from 60 up to 3 000 meters. We compared tracks of migrants flying in three different areas, which correspond to the three main coastlines, and can demonstrate that the orientation of the tracks did not differ in a way consistent with the coastlines between the areas in autumn, and showed only a slight effect in spring. This is in accordance with earlier infrared device monitoring in Falsterbo, but contrary to earlier visual observations. It supports the view of nocturnally migrating passerines as mainly broad-front migrants. Even though the coastlines on the scale of the peninsula affected the flight paths very little, it is possible that the coastline has an effect on a larger regional scale, by migrants avoiding long sea crossings and thereby being funneled towards the peninsula, but this remains to be investigated [Current Zoology 60 (5): 660-669, 2014].

高达数十倍疯狂暴利,蒙蔽了商人的良心,欧美等发达国家的"洋垃圾"经中转走私进入大陆,涉及欧美、中转地和大陆三地的黑色链条就这样被搭建起来.近日,一起经"荷兰-台湾-大陆"的"洋垃圾"跨境走私路线图浮出水面.

国家高速公路G85麻柳湾-昭通段工程地质勘察以日本ALOS卫星遥感图像为主要信息源,通过遥感数据处理,以及运用遥感地学知识进行遥感解译和野外调查验证,对麻柳湾-昭通段进行了地形地貌、断裂构造、不良地质体解译和工程地质区划分与评价.综合分析各因素,对线路方案进行比选,从而提出科学合理的线路方案.