科创中国

据2012年4月6日《参考消息》援引法新社巴黎4月4日电,中国古脊椎动物与古人类研究所研究员徐星等在英国《自然》杂志上报告说,在东北辽宁义县组发现了一种奇特的、长羽毛的巨型恐龙化石,化石共有3具,近乎完整,出土的化石包括部分尾部和最有研究价值的头骨,出土地的地质年代为1.25亿年前至自垩纪中期,当时恐龙横行地球.新发现的恐龙已经被命名为"华丽羽王龙".研究报告发表于新一期英国《自然》杂志.

据2012年4月5日《科技日报》援引该报北京4月4日电,中科院古脊椎动物与古人类研究所教授朱敏领导的研究团队,在4月3日出版的《公共科学图书馆·综合》上记述了两种早期鱼类的腰带,首次揭示了硬骨鱼纲的外骨骼腰带.

据2012年4月11日《科技日报》报道,4月10日出版的《自然·通讯》杂志发表了中科院古脊椎动物与古人类研究所研究员朱敏等人的文章,介绍他们发现的空棘鱼头颅化石.

Physiological and functional traits, especially those related to behavior and whole-organism performance capacities, are subject to a variety of both parallel and opposing natural and sexual selection pressures. These selection pressures show considerable interspeciflc variation, shaping contemporary behavioral and functional diversity, but the form and intensity of selection on physiological and functional traits can also vary intraspecifically. The same suites of traits can experience quite different se- lection pressures, depending on the sex or age of a given individual, as well as the presence and nature of alternative reproductive strategies and tactics. These inter- and intra-locus genetic conflicts have potentially important consequences for the evolutionary trajectories of traits subject to them. Consequently, any intraspecific conflicts which could displace traits from their selective op- tima in certain classes of individuals relative to others are expected to result in selection for mechanisms to compensate for devia- tion from those optima. Such conflicts include interlocus sexual conflict, intralocus sexual conflict, and interacting phenotypes, as well as conflict within a sex. In this paper, we consider the evidence for, and implications of, such conflicts for physiological and functional traits in diverse taxa, including both vertebrates and invertebrates, and evaluate the various mechanisms, ranging from behavioral and mechanical to energetic and genetic, enabling compensation. We also discuss how pre- and post-mating conflicts, as well as interacting phenotypes, might affect the evolution of behavior and physiological and functional traits. Investigators that seek to understand the links among behavior, morphology, physiology, and function should consider such conflicts.

Aggression is a common behavioral trait shared in many animals, including both vertebrates and invertebrates. However, the type and intensity of agonistic encounters and displays can vary widely both across and within species, resulting in complicated or subjective interpretations that create difficulties in developing theoretical models that can be widely applied. The need to easily and objectively identify quantifiable behaviors and their associated morphologies becomes especially important when attempting to decipher the neurological mechanisms underlying this complex behavior. Monoamines, neuropeptides, and pheromones have been implicated as important neuromodulators for agonistic displays in both invertebrates and vertebrates. Ad- ditionally, recent breakthroughs in insect research have revealed exciting proximate mechanisms important in aggression that may be broadly relevant, due to the relatively high conservation of these neurochemical systems across animal taxa. In this review, we present the latest research demonstrating the importance of monoamines, neuropeptides, and pheromones as neuromodulators for aggression across a variety of insect species. Additionally, we describe the stalk-eyed fly as a model system for studying aggres- sion, which integrates physiological, morphological, and neurochemical approaches in exploring detailed mechanisms responsible for this common yet complex behavior. We conclude with our perspective on the most promising lines of future research aimed at understanding the proximate and ultimate mechanisms underlying aggressive behaviors .

近年来,在羌塘盆地胜利河、长梁山、长蛇山、托纳木等地发现的油页岩为目前我国规模最大的海相油页岩矿床,具有重要的工业开采价值.海相油页岩的主要矿物成分为碳酸盐、粘土矿物和石英,并见有黄铁矿、石膏、菱镁矿等矿物.粘土矿物以伊利石为主,少量高岭石,不含蒙脱石.有机地球化学分析表明,这些油页岩的有机质丰度较高,有机质类型较好.胜利河油页岩TOC含量在4.31%~21.37%之间,均值为8.40%;托纳木油页岩的TOC含量也较高,最大值为25.68%,平均为9.32%;长梁山剖面油页岩的TOC含量在2.96%~ 23.47%之间,平均值为9.56%;长蛇山油页岩的TOC含量在4.53%~ 9.49%之间,平均值为7.74%.长蛇山油页岩干酪根类型主要为Ⅱ1型,少数为Ⅱ2和Ⅲ型;胜利河油页岩主要为Ⅱ1和Ⅱ2型干酪根,而托纳木油页岩的干酪根类型主要为Ⅱ1型和Ⅰ型.白垩系海相油页岩的形成受多方面因素控制,包括缺氧富氧状态、古生产力、古气候、粘土矿物的混积作用、古地形条件以及海平面变化等.其中,油页岩的总有机碳含量(TOC)与古环境元素指标Mo、V存在较强的相关关系,相关系数分别为0.975和0.917,而与古生产力指标P/Ti、Ba/Al之间为弱相关或无相关关系,相关系数分别为0.481和-0.739.因此,本文认为海相油页岩的形成以“保存模式”为主,有机质沉积时的水体环境对高有机质含量的油页岩的形成起主导作用,并在此基础上建立了海相油页岩的形成演化模式.

时间倒退千年,大洋彼岸的人们宁愿以整栋房屋来换取一套精美的中国瓷器,上流阶层更是以拥有中国瓷器为身份的体现.现代人,若说拥有一件古瓷仍是不易.不妨在周末或假日,驾车穿行在隐于都市的古玩市场间,寻找古瓷玩物,带回一段过去,或会友畅谈古今,感受另一番时尚与雅致.

辽吉东部太古宙地块有两个:南侧为辽南-山东半岛东部与朝鲜半岛北部一起可称为胶辽-朝鲜地块;北侧为华北古陆块,它是华北古陆南缘的一部分,由于中生代郯庐断裂将其推到现在的位置.这两个太古宙大陆块有很大的区别.华北古陆块是早已形成的具有古老陆核(其形成在2.9Ga以前)的,稳定的陆块,其中产有条带状磁铁石英岩(鞍山式铁

历史上的党家村在公共事务治理中曾形成一套完备的体系,从而具有一定的典型性.本文以党家村古址为对象,依据史料并通过实地考察,研讨党家村在基础设施、治安防卫、教育和村落文化等公共生活方面的自主治理实践,分析其自主治理公共事务的主要机制,并从中解释古代中国乡村公共事务自主治理的基本特点及其当代价值.