科创中国

介绍了真空冷冻干燥的原理和应用现状,阐述了冻干工艺流程,包括前处理工艺、预冻、升华干燥、解析干燥、后处理工艺,分析了冻干曲线的设计参数,包括预冻降温速率、预冻的最低温度、预冻时间、冷阱的降温时间和温度、抽真空时间、开始加热时间等,指出了只有充分了解国内外冻干工艺的研究现状,及时跟进国际国内先进技术的发展,与客观实践相结合,总结经验,才能更经济地做出更高质量的冻干制品.

目的:探讨超声与多层螺旋CT检查在诊断干燥综合征中的作用和价值.方法:对本院56例干燥综合征(SS)患者和32例非干燥综合征患者分别行超声和多层螺旋CT检查;对比超声和CT的影像特征从而进行研究.所有病例都经唇腺活检病理证实.结果:超声的敏感性90%,特异性91%,准确性80%;CT的敏感性81%,特异性93%,准确性76%,二者比较差异无显著性意义(P>0.05).结论:对临床疑诊为干燥综合征的患者应先行超声检查,若超声表现不典型者可行唇腺活检确诊.

The?ecological?consequences?of?climate?extreme?events?are?still?poorly?understood,?especially?those?related?to?cold?episodes.?Winter?cold?spells?might?imperil?the?energy?balance?of?small?passerines,?thus?compromising?their?survivorship.?Here?we?analyze?how?the?abundance?and?habitat?use?of?three?tree-gleaning?passerine?species?wintering?in?a?montane?oakwood?of?central?Spain?at?ca.?1,300?m?a.s.1,?was?influenced?by?the?cold?wave?that?hit?Europe?in?February?2012.?We?monitored?temperature,?wind?and?the?relative?abundance?of?great?tit?Parus?major,?blue?tit?Cyanistes?caeruleus?and?long-tailed?tit?Aegithalos?caudatus?in?15?plots?throughout?three?periods:?before,?during?and?after?the?cold?wave.?Our?results?clearly?rule?out?widespread?mortality?and?temporal?migration?of?the?studied?passerine?populations,?as?the?abundance?of?these?species?did?not?diminish?during?the?cold?wave.?Moreover,?the?species?usually?foraging?higher?in?the?tree?canopy?-and?thus?more?exposed?to?windmoved?to?the?less?windy?woodland?plots?(long-tailed?tit)?and?reduced?their?foraging?height?above?ground?during?the?cold?wave?(long-tailed?tit?and?blue?tit),?probably?to?mitigate?the?deleterious?effects?of?wind?chill.?Therefore,?these?forest?birds?were?able?to?cope?with?a?dry?cold?wave?that?was?statistically?extreme?in?terms?of?temperature?and?wind?chill,?according?to?the?historic?climate?records?of?the?region.?It?seems?that,?at?least?when?foraging?substrates?are?not?heavily?covered?by?snow?or?ice,?Mediterranean?birds?can?resist?an?extreme?cold?wave?[Current?Zoology?60?(4):?429-437,?2014].

据2012年4月16日《新民晚报》援引新华社东京4月15日电,日本京都大学的一个研究小组日前宣布,他们在动物实验中,成功利用冷冻干燥技术,使在冰箱内保存5年的大鼠精子与卵子实现受精,并产下幼鼠.研究论文刊登在新一期的美国《公共科学图书馆·综合卷》上.

视神经脊髓炎(NMO)是一种主要侵犯视神经和脊髓的中枢神经系统炎症性脱髓鞘性疾病.NMO患者血清中特异性自身抗体-水通道蛋白4(AQP4)抗体的发现不仅确定了NMO是一种抗体介导的自身免疫性疾病,并且修改了NMO的诊断标准,扩展了NMO疾病谱[1].随着对NMO的研究进展,目前发现许多NMO患者伴随其他自身免疫性疾病或者血清中存在非特异性自身免疫抗体[2],

结缔组织病(CTD)是引起不明原因发热(FUO)的常见原因,据国内外文献报道,可占FUO患者的14%~33%.由于结缔组织病可以累及皮肤、关节、肌肉、血管、肝、肾、脑等全身多个脏器,并可以出现发热、乏力、消瘦等全身症状,尤其是可以表现为长期不