科创中国

在大田条件下,研究砂姜黑土和砂壤土两种类型土壤对旱地花生植株的生理特性及农艺性状的影响,结果表明:生育期内两类土壤上花生叶片的叶绿素含量、抗衰老酶活性(SOD、POD、CAT)、可溶性蛋白含量及叶面积系数均呈单峰曲线,峰值出现在出苗后60~75d.砂姜黑土花生叶绿素和可溶性蛋白含量及叶面积系数高于砂壤土,而抗衰老酶活性和丙二醛(MDA)含量低于砂壤土.砂姜黑土花生叶面积系数和干物质积累速率的峰值持续时间明显高于砂壤土.砂姜黑土花生的主茎高、侧枝长及单株结果数等主要农艺性状明显优于砂壤土(p

1 Introduction
Phenotype variation within populations both provides the raw material for and is the product of evolutionary change. An individual's phenotype, defined as the amalgamation of morphology, physiology, and behavior, is highly complex. It has been common to try to isolate each of these aspects of phenotype rather than directly examine their integration. For example, despite the demonstrated importance of single aspects of phenotype for acquiring mates it is well known that signal traits are not evaluated in isolation, but rather in conjunction with associated behaviors, and sometimes with other signal traits (Moiler and Pomiankowski, 1993; Candolin, 2003;

Physiological and functional traits, especially those related to behavior and whole-organism performance capacities, are subject to a variety of both parallel and opposing natural and sexual selection pressures. These selection pressures show considerable interspeciflc variation, shaping contemporary behavioral and functional diversity, but the form and intensity of selection on physiological and functional traits can also vary intraspecifically. The same suites of traits can experience quite different se- lection pressures, depending on the sex or age of a given individual, as well as the presence and nature of alternative reproductive strategies and tactics. These inter- and intra-locus genetic conflicts have potentially important consequences for the evolutionary trajectories of traits subject to them. Consequently, any intraspecific conflicts which could displace traits from their selective op- tima in certain classes of individuals relative to others are expected to result in selection for mechanisms to compensate for devia- tion from those optima. Such conflicts include interlocus sexual conflict, intralocus sexual conflict, and interacting phenotypes, as well as conflict within a sex. In this paper, we consider the evidence for, and implications of, such conflicts for physiological and functional traits in diverse taxa, including both vertebrates and invertebrates, and evaluate the various mechanisms, ranging from behavioral and mechanical to energetic and genetic, enabling compensation. We also discuss how pre- and post-mating conflicts, as well as interacting phenotypes, might affect the evolution of behavior and physiological and functional traits. Investigators that seek to understand the links among behavior, morphology, physiology, and function should consider such conflicts.

目的 观察视网膜分支静脉阻塞(BRVO)模型兔眼视网膜微循环变化,评估激光散斑成像(LSI)技术定量监测兔眼视网膜微循环的可行性.方法 4月龄健康青紫蓝兔10只纳入实验,选取右眼作为实验眼.裂隙灯显微镜下选择兔眼视网膜毗邻视盘0.5~1.0 mm处的视网膜主干静脉为靶血管,利用仪器自带软件测量靶血管直径以及靶血管0.2 mm2区域面积的血流量.采用光动力疗法诱导建立兔眼BRVO模型.建模10 min后采用与建模前相同的方法测量兔眼眼底相同位置血管直径和相同区域面积的血流量.结果 LSI技术可获得同步显示的彩色眼底、红外激光和血流分布伪彩图图像.建模前与建模后10 min,靶血管直径分别为(0.104±0.009)、(0.122±0.008) mm,靶血管0.2 mm2区域面积的血流量分别为(578.400±25.638)、(244.000±49.295)PU.建模后靶血管直径较建模前明显增粗,差异有统计学意义(t=12.114,P=0.008).建模后靶血管0.2 mm2区域面积的血流量较建模前明显降低,差异也有统计学意义(t=183.00,P=0.009).结论 BRVO模型兔眼眼底靶血管直径明显增粗,靶血管0.2 mm2区域面积的血流量明显降低.LSI技术可实时定量检测兔眼视网膜微循环状态.

目的 观察阈值期和阈值前期早产儿视网膜病变(ROP)的远期视网膜电图特征.方法 诊断为阈值期或阈值前期ROP的24例患儿48只眼(ROP组)纳入研究.选择出生年龄、体重与之匹配的未发生ROP的早产儿10例20只眼为对照组.经过湖南省儿童医院医学伦理委员会批准并取得所有受检者父母的知情同意后,所有受检儿行全视野闪光视网膜电图(F-ERG)检查,记录视杆反应、最大混合反应以及视锥反应.结果 与对照组比较,ROP组患儿的视杆反应b波潜伏期明显延长,差异有统计学意义(t=5.643,P<0.05);振幅明显降低,差异也有统计学意义(t=7.068,P<0.05).与对照组比较,ROP组患儿的最大混合反应a、b波潜伏期均延长,差异有统计学意义(t=3.099、2.886,P<0.05);振幅均降低,差异也有统计学意义(t=5.614、2.850,P<0.05).与对照组比较,ROP组患儿的视锥细胞反应a、b波潜伏期(t=0.819、0.948)及振幅(t=0.904、0.850)无明显变化,差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05).结论 阈值期和阈值前期ROP患儿远期视网膜视杆反应b波及最大混合反应a、b波潜伏期延长,振幅降低;视锥反应a、b波无明显变化.

血管内皮细胞生长抑制因子(VEGI)是一种多功能细胞因子,可抑制血管生成、诱导细胞凋亡,还能激活T细胞,诱导树突状细胞分化而调节免疫反应.VEGI通过多种信号通路发挥其对内皮细胞的生物学效应,且其抑制生长和诱导凋亡的作用发挥与内皮细胞的生长周期有关.目前已基本明确VEGI参与了炎症反应,且与角膜新生血管、自身免疫性葡萄膜炎、糖尿病视网膜病变、青光眼、老年性黄斑变性和眼部肿瘤等眼科多种疾病的发生发展相关.进一步探讨VEGI与眼科疾病的相关性可能会为眼科疾病的病因学研究和治疗方法提供新的思路.

基于单目视觉的测距必须建立在对目标姿态的准确识别基础上,而姿态的识别又应与已知3D模型紧密联系.本文主要讨论单目视觉系统测距算法中姿态识别方法的多视点特性视图.多视点特性视图模型能够避免从二维图像恢复三维目标这个不适定性问题,得到了比较广泛的应用.因此,本文利用三维几何模型生成多尺度特性视图作为标准数据,用于多尺度递推识别.本文围绕如何实现三维目标的识别进行,提出了建立多尺度多视点特性视图模型的方法,并论证了方法的有效性.

对PEG6000(聚乙二醇)处理2d的玉米和高粱植株叶片的质膜透性、叶绿素含量、丙二醛含量、POD(过氧化物酶)活性以及游离脯氨酸含量等5个生理指标进行了比较.结果表明:高粱和玉米植株叶片的质膜透性都随PEG处理浓度的增加而递增,但在相同浓度PEG处理下玉米质膜透性高于高梁;丙二醛含量、脯氨酸含量以及叶绿素含量亦随PEG处理浓度的增大而递增,但总体玉米高于高粱;POD活性随着PEG6000处理浓度的增加,呈先升后降,高粱的先达到最大值.综合考虑,高粱的抗旱性比玉米的更强.

缝隙连接是相邻细胞之间直接交换离子和小分子物质的通道,由相邻细胞膜上的2个连接子相互锚定组成.连接子是由6个缝隙连接蛋白亚单位构成的六聚体.视网膜各层细胞均有缝隙连接蛋白表达.缝隙连接不仅参与视网膜发育过程的调控,协助和增强视觉信息的传递以及维持神经元细胞外微环境的稳态;也和糖尿病视网膜病变、青光眼、老年性黄斑变性、视网膜色素变性以及视网膜损伤等视网膜疾病的发生发展密切相关.以缝隙连接为靶点干预治疗视网膜疾病将逐渐成为国内外眼底疾病研究的热点.

为了提高单脉冲和差通道的幅相一致性,以降低测角误差,研究了幅相失衡的机理及解决途径.对此,结合单脉冲和差测角体制,分析和差通道幅相失衡的原理,并仿真其对测角特性的影响.最后,在分析理论校正模型的基础上,提出了基于FPGA的数字式校正方案,并给出了实现流程.实践表明,该方法具有较好的可行性,能有效控制和差信号的一致性.