科创中国

Signal traits are often linked with the physiological state and behavior of their bearer. Direct examination of the causal links among these variables has provided substantial insight into the information content of signals, and into the costs and benefits of signal expression. Yet recent empirical work suggests that the social context in which signals are developed and displayed can play a major role not only in how signals are received, but also in coordinating and mediating the signaling phenotype itself. Here we review both well-established and emerging evidence for direct feedbacks among an individual's physiological state, be- havior, and signal elaboration. We then describe an integrative view of signaling that takes into account the bidirectional rela- tionships among components of phenotype and the social context in which signals are developed and displayed. Integrating dy- namic feedback between context and phenotype within models of the evolution and maintenance of signals may yield insights into how signals evolve, how signaling phenotypes are coordinated and maintained on ecological and evolutionary time scales, and how static signals continue to convey relevant phenotypic information about their bearer through time.

Social challenges from rival conspecifics are common in the lives of animals, and changes in an animal's social environment can influence physiology and behavior in ways that appear to be adaptive in the face of continued social instability (i.e. social priming). Recently, it has become clear that testosterone, long thought to be the primary mediator of these effects, may not always change in response to social challenges, an observation that highlights gaps in our understanding of the proximate me- chanisms by which animals respond to their social environment. Here, our goal is to address the degree to which testosterone me- diates organismal responses to social cues. To this end, we review the behavioral and physiological consequences of social chal- lenges, as well as their underlying hormonal and gene regulatory mechanisms. We also present a new case study from a wild songbird, the dark-eyed junco Junco hyemalis, in which we find largely divergent genome-wide transcriptional changes induced by social challenges and testosterone, respectively, in muscle and liver tissue. Our review underscores the diversity of mechani- sms that link the dynamic social environment with an organisms' genomic, hormonal, and behavioral state. This diversity among species, and even among tissues within an organism, reveals new insights into the pattern and process by which evolution may alter proximate mechanisms of social priming.

依据《黄帝内经》相关健康理论,我们提出"通"、"荣"、"平"学说,将中医健康状态的内涵概括为机体处于"通"、"荣"、"平"的状态,并总结出中医具体的健康指标为有神、有色、有形、有态、有声、无味、有胃气、气通、水谷通、血通、阴阳平,对外界适应性好等指标.

通过第一轮同行评议及编辑部审查,处于待编拟送修状态的稿件在处理过程中有以下一些问题值得提请作者注意.

目的:为评定失眠症患者的惊悸心理状态提供客观的测查工具.方法:通过对失眠和惊悸相关的文献进行整理和归纳,确定量表的理论框架,建立条目池;经专家论证和临床流行病学调查,对条目进行筛选.结果:形成了包含34个条目和5个维度量表,5个维度分为心惊神乱、神用不及、心志减退、意的减退及惊则气乱.结论:该量表能够客观的对失眠症患者的惊悸心理状态进行辨识并指导临床辨证治疗,因而具有一定的实用价值.

对1000名女性市民进行问卷调查,运用方差分析和回归分析的方法,探索女性休闲体育限制因素及其与行为的关系.结果表明,不同参与水平的女性都会不同程度地遭遇限制因素,说明遭遇限制因素并不会导致休闲体育行为的不发生.相对来说,不参与人群在4个限制因素方面都比较高,随着参与水平的提高,感知限制逐渐减少.年龄、婚姻状况、收入、受教育程度等人口学因素与限制因素有关.4类限制因素和行为之间存在着显著的负相关关系,但只有自身限制因素对行为的预测作用有显著的统计学意义.

分析了军事环境下作战行为的基本概念,提出将行为模型划分为基于指挥控制的任务模型和基于个体的自主行为模型.针对任务模型的过程化特点,利用流程图、状态机等过程化工具将任务分解为原子行为并组装成组合行为;针对自主行为的非线性和复杂性特点,利用多Agent技术实现了自治的模型组件并将其组装成为作战实体或单元.通过黑板系统实现了原子行为、自治行为、实体及单元之间的通讯.从模型重用的角度给出了相关概念的形式化描述.介绍了一个基于该技术框架的模型实例.初步应用结果表明,该框架能有效提升行为模型的开发效率.

随着电网容量的增加,电网对无功功率的需求也与日俱增.无功补偿装置是广泛应用在低压配网中的无功功率源,为了对这些无功补偿装置的补偿效果和运行状态有一个清晰的了解,研究开发了配网无功补偿装置的远程监控系统,实现了对无功补偿装置的运行参数等信息进行在线监测.长期的挂网运行表明,该系统减小了电力企业的维护成本,提高了工作效率.

为提高人们对健康锻炼行为的预测和干预效果,基于健康行动过程取向(HAPA)与计划行为理论(TPB)整合模型为测评基础,通过对中国城市青少年(n=152名)、大学生(n=204名)及城市健康成年人(n=97名)不同年龄段群体(后称不同群体)进行问卷调查与数据分析.结果表明,1)HAPA与TPB整合模型更适合对健康成年人锻炼行为的预测与干预,理论模型更接近真阶段模型(非连续性模式百分比分别为35%),而大学生和青少年群体显得偏低;2)行为意向、行为计划和锻炼行为之间的作用路径因群体的不同而不同,中国健康成年人群体中三者的路径系数呈显著性(Y行为意向与行为计划=0.47,P<0.05;Y行为计划与锻炼行为=0.48,P<0.05),而大学生和青少年群体则表现不一;3)行为意向的前因变量在不同群体中表现极不一致,在青少年和大学生群体中存在对锻炼行为的显著直接路径,而非以往认为的间接路径.同时,研究证实,父亲的锻炼行为对青少年群体有着更为显著的作用路径(β=0.47,P<0.05).该整合模型更适合对中国成年人健康锻炼行为的阶段干预和预测,对青少年群体和大学生群体的干预和预测仅得到部分支持,许多前因变量存在对锻炼行为显著的直接路径(如社会支持,主观规范等),而未能呈现阶段性特征,根据不同年龄群体的变量特点进行干预策略实施才能更加提高干预的效果.

在传统无偏灰色预测模型和马尔科夫模型的基础上提出了一种新的组合模型来对变形监测中的沉降进行预测.首先针对传统灰色预测模型存在灰色偏差与抗干扰能力弱的局限性,以及随机波动大的动态过程,提出采用无偏灰色-马尔科夫组合模型进行沉降预测.实验结果表明,利用该组合方法预测结果的精度要明显优于无偏灰色预测.