科创中国

1 Introduction
Phenotype variation within populations both provides the raw material for and is the product of evolutionary change. An individual's phenotype, defined as the amalgamation of morphology, physiology, and behavior, is highly complex. It has been common to try to isolate each of these aspects of phenotype rather than directly examine their integration. For example, despite the demonstrated importance of single aspects of phenotype for acquiring mates it is well known that signal traits are not evaluated in isolation, but rather in conjunction with associated behaviors, and sometimes with other signal traits (Moiler and Pomiankowski, 1993; Candolin, 2003;

While our understanding of male reproductive strategies is informed by extensive investigations into endocrine mechanisms, the proximate mechanisms by which females compete for mates and adjust reproduction to social environment remains enigmatic. We set out to uncover endocrine correlates of mate choice, social environment, and reproductive investment in female red-backed fairy-wrens Malurus melanocephalus. In this socially monogamous, yet highly sexually promiscuous species, females experience discrete variation in the phenotype of their mates, which vary in both plumage signals and level of paternal care, and in the composition of their breeding groups, which consist of either the pair alone or with an additional cooperative auxiliary; fe- male investment varies according to these social parameters. We found that androgen, estrogen, and glucorticoid levels varied with reproductive stage, with highest androgen and estrogen concentrations during nest construction and highest corticosterone concentrations during the pre-breeding stage. These stage-dependent patterns did not vary with male phenotype or auxiliary presence, though androgen levels during pre-breeding mate selection were lower in females obtaining red/black mates than those obtaining brown mates. We found no evidence that androgen, estrogen, or corticosterone levels during the fertile period were re- lated to extra-pair young (EPY) frequency. This study demonstrates clear changes in steroid levels with reproductive stage, though it found little support for variation with social environment. We suggest hormonal responsiveness to social factors may be physiologically constrained in ways that are bypassed through exogenous hormone manipulations.

腋静脉为位于腋动脉前内侧的大静脉,在行腋窝淋巴结清扫、静脉穿刺、神经阻滞、动静脉造瘘时,腋静脉的解剖和变异具有重要的临床意义.有关腋静脉变异,较少见文献报道.笔者在进行乳腺癌改良根治术时,发现腋静脉3支变异1例,为积累腋静脉变异资料,避免腋静脉损伤,现报告如下.1临床资料患者,女性,47岁,因发现左侧乳腺肿物1年于2013年7月16日收入本院.体检:左侧乳腺外上象限2点距乳

乳腺癌是女性最常见的恶性肿瘤,病死率居全球首位.近20年,由于早期发现和辅助治疗的改进,乳腺癌的治疗疗效已明显提升,但很多患者仍面临复发的恐惧和死亡的威胁[1].现阶段,乳腺癌总体复发率约40%,其中60%~70%的患者发生远处转移[2].应用常规化疗药物联合治疗,HER-2阳性早期转移性乳腺癌对trastuzumab的反应率为50%~84%,但疗程开始1年内药物即对患者失效.目前,

目的 探讨肺黏膜相关淋巴组织结外边缘区淋巴瘤(以下简称MALT淋巴瘤)的临床病理特征.方法 收集肺MALT淋巴瘤12例,对其临床特点、影像学及病理学特征进行回顾性分析.结果 12例中女性8例(67%),男性4例(33%).发病年龄32~79岁,中位年龄62.5岁,仅1例患者年龄小于40岁(8.3%).8例患者为体检时偶然发现,就诊时无明显临床症状,2例有胸痛,2例有咳嗽、咳痰.CT表现:患者病变部位均位于单侧肺组织,左肺上叶1例,右肺11例(上叶4例,中叶1例,下叶6例);肿块最大径2~5cm;其中为界限清楚的团块或结节影10例(83%),浸润或实变影2例(17%).肿瘤细胞由弥漫分布均匀一致、小至中等大小的中心细胞样细胞和单核样细胞构成,其内散在少许转化性母细胞样大细胞,少数伴有浆细胞样分化.免疫表型:12例肿瘤性淋巴样细胞CD20、CD79a细胞膜阳性,11例BCL-2阳性,9例κ、λ呈单轻链限制性表达,Ki-67增殖指数5%~10%.Ann Arbor临床分期:ⅠE期8例,ⅡE期1例,Ⅳ期1例,2例不详.治疗均采用单纯手术切除为主,2例术后联合化疗.结论 肺MALT淋巴瘤发病率低,临床表现隐匿,影像学不典型,术前诊断困难.最后诊断依赖于病理组织学、免疫组化及基因重排分析等检查,患者预后较好.

目的:探讨前列腺特异性间质肉瘤( prostatic special-ized stromal sarcoma, PSS)的临床病理特征、免疫表型、诊断及鉴别诊断。方法回顾性分析1例PSS的临床病理特征、免疫表型、诊断及鉴别诊断等,并复习相关文献。结果梭形及短梭形PSS细胞呈束状、编织状排列,细胞核主要呈卵圆形、短梭形,核仁不明显,可见多角形细胞。免疫表型:肿瘤细胞vimentin、CD34呈弥漫阳性, PR 呈弱阳性。结论PSS起源于前列腺激素依赖性特异性间质细胞,是一种罕见肉瘤。病理诊断主要依靠病理学形态和免疫表型,vimentin、CD34阳性可鉴别诊断,需与肉瘤样癌、平滑肌肉瘤、横纹肌肉瘤等相鉴别。

目的:筛选出适于监测无束缚蟾蜍动态心电的导联方式,并分析其实用性。方法:蟾蜍在麻醉状态下皮下包埋引导电极后,通过BL-420 S生物机能实验系统监测了5种导联的动态心电,比较并筛选出能够较好地显示心电波形的导联。利用该导联监测了蟾蜍从人工冬眠中复苏6h内的动态心电和连续5d内的心率和心率变异性( heart rate variability, HRV)的日间稳定性,以及冻融处理前后的心率和HRV,以分析其实用性。结果:5种备选导联中有2种导联能较好显示心电波形。与人工冬眠复苏6 h比较,复苏1 h之内的心率降低,窦性心率RR间期标准差( the standard deviation of normal R-R intervals, SDNN)升高,二者均有显著差异( P<0.05或P<0.01);2 h到5 h之间的心率和SDNN无显著变化,提示心电在复苏2 h后恢复稳定。冬眠第4天和第5天的2 h和4 h心率较第1天显著减慢(P<0.05或P<0.01),而SDNN较第1天显著升高(P<0.05或P<0.01),提示留置电极的蟾蜍心电在3 d内不会有显著变化。与冷冻前比较,解冻1 h和12 h的心率显著加快(P<0.05),SDNN显著变小(P<0.05),表明冻融后蟾蜍心功能下降。结论:皮下植入电极的方法可有效监测蟾蜍动态心电。

根据中国的土壤养分空间变异研究中反映的变异系数信息,分析了按代表性混合土样推荐施肥的方法可能出现的失误概率,提出了失误概率与变异系数之间的定量关系.研究结果表明,目前土壤主要养分的变异系数一般在30%以上,与现行的以共性为基础的测土推荐施肥技术路线比较,个性化测土蕴藏着接近50%的增产潜力.建议根据允许的施肥偏差,选择变异系数临界值;根据当地土壤养分空间变异情况选择适用的测土推荐施肥技术路线.

乳腺癌干细胞具有高致瘤性、转移性、耐药性等特点,其在乳腺癌的发生、发展、复发及转移过程中发挥重要作用.迄今为止,多数研究已阐述了乳腺癌干细胞的表型特征,并在此基础上建立分离和鉴定的方法,靶向乳腺癌干细胞的治疗也取得一定进展.该文现对上述方面作一综述.

目的:探讨生物共振治疗系统对儿童咳嗽变异性哮喘变应原检测的意义和临床疗效.方法:选取我院咳嗽变异性哮喘儿童92例,使用生物共振治疗仪进行变应原检测,随机分成3组,包括生物共振治疗组30例(生物共振组)、服用孟鲁司特钠组34例(白三烯组)、吸入丙酸氟替卡松组28例(吸入激素组).结果:生物共振仪检测变应原阳性依次为尘螨、花粉、环境化学物、动物皮毛、杀虫剂、霉菌、细菌、木材/植物纤维等.3组治疗后的症状评分及肺功能检测较治疗前均有显著改善,生物共振组与白三烯组比较,症状评分及肺功能改善差异无统计学意义(P〉0.05);而吸入激素组优于生物共振组,症状评分及肺功能改善差异有统计学意义(P〈0.05).结论:生物共振治疗系统可作为儿童咳嗽变异性哮喘变应原检测的一种参考方法,近期疗效与单用白三烯调节剂相当,无明显不良反应,是治疗这类疾病的一种选择,但与吸入激素比较有差异,吸入激素仍为儿童咳嗽变异性哮喘治疗的首选方案.