科创中国

传统的二代压水反应堆主要是采取鼓风机鼓风的方式对控制棒驱动机构(Control Rod Drive Mechanism,CRDM)进行强制通风冷却,该冷却方式耗能较大且无法保证绝对安全可靠.本文针对于大亚湾核电站中CRDM群的布置方式,采用中广核新型的EMC-B型控制棒驱动机构的结构及材料物性参数,运用了计算流体力学(Computational Fluid Dynamics,CFD)分析方法,研究了当采用空气自然循环冷却方式时,CRDM群及各线圈的温度分布,探索对CRDM群采用空气自然循环冷却方式的可行性.模拟分析结果表明:总体来看,处于外围和中心位置处的CRDM的线圈温度,要比中间区域的CRDM线圈温度高;对于给定计算工况,各线圈的最高温度为198°C,低于限制温度(200°C),表明对于所研究的CRDM群,依靠空气的自然对流,可以对CRDM进行有效冷却.计算结果可为新型CRDM群分布设计提供参考.

利用计算流体力学(CFD)方法建立了一个耦合低温水气变换反应的多孔介质二维拟均相反应器模型.采用FLUENT缺省的单温度模型进行模拟,无法得到气固相两相的温度,而且温度场与实际不符.通过用户自定义标量(UDS)添加固相能量方程,将多孔介质的单温度模型修正为气固相耦合传热两温度模型,以源项的形式添加化学反应,将化学反应热添加到气固相能量方程.湍流模型采用Spalart.Allmaras方程,动力学模型采用Langmuir-Hinshelwood方程,催化剂的性质及操作条件以Wei.HsinChen等的实验为基础.采用有限体积法对模型进行非稳态模拟,对反应器内组分浓度、速度场及温度进行了可视化分析.最后列出了非稳态两温度模型在3个时间点的轴向温度曲线,并且与FLUENT缺省的单温度模型进行了对比,两温度模型的结果与实际更相符.

In piezoceramic ultrasonic devices,the piezoceramic stacks may fail permanently or function improperly if their working temperatures overstep the Curie temperature of the piezoceramic material.While the end of the horn usually serves near the melting point of the molten metal and is enclosed in an airtight chamber,so that it is difficult to experimentally measure the temperature of the transducer and its variation with time,which bring heavy difficulty to the design of the ultrasonic molten metal treatment system.To find a way out,conjugate heat transfer analysis of an ultrasonic molten metal treatment system is performed with coupled fluid and heat transfer finite element method.In modeling of the system,the RNG model and the SIMPLE algorithm are adopted for turbulence and nonlinear coupling between the momentum equation and the energy equation.Forced air cooling as well as natural air cooling is analyzed to compare the difference of temperature evolution.Numerical results show that,after about 350 s of working time,temperatures in the surface of the ceramic stacks in forced air cooling drop about 7 K compared with that in natural cooling.At 240 s,The molten metal surface emits heat radiation with a maximum rate of about 19 036 W/m2,while the heat insulation disc absorbs heat radiation at a maximum rate of about 7922 W/m2,which indicates the effectiveness of heat insulation of the asbestos pad.Transient heat transfer film coefficient and its distribution,which are difficult to be measured experimentally are also obtained through numerical simulation.At 240 s,the heat transfer film coefficient in the surface of the transducer ranges from–17.86 to 20.17 W/(m2?K).Compared with the trial and error method based on the test,the proposed research provides a more effective way in the design and analysis of the temperature control of the molten metal treatment system.

冷凝系数为冷凝流率与碰撞流率之比,是气体冷凝过程的重要性质.本文采用分子动力学方法,探讨了不同温度(95.5、104-3、113-3、123.2)K下,氩流体气液两相平衡体系中气相的冷凝过程.模拟得到了氩流体气液相主体范围、Gibbs界面位置及界面厚度;并分别以气相主体与界面区的分界面|z8|及Gibbs界面作为碰撞界面,统计得到了氩流体的冷凝系数,并与文献值进行了比较.模拟结果表明,在相同温度条件下,以Gibbs界面为碰撞界面得到的碰撞粒子数目明显高于以|z8|为碰撞界面得到的碰撞粒子数目.当采用|z8|界面作为碰撞界面时,冷凝系数出随着温度的变化规律与文献值一致,均随着温度的升高而降低,变化范围在0.822与0.596之间;但以Gibbs界面作为碰撞界面时,所得冷凝系数口,基本上与温度无关,其值在0.335左右,且a2明显小于a1.

Direct drive servovalves are mostly restricted to low flow rate and low bandwidth applications due to the considerable flow forces.Current studies mainly focus on enhancing the driving force,which in turn is limited to the development of the magnetic material.Aiming at reducing the flow forces,a novel rotary direct drive servovalve(RDDV)is introduced in this paper.This RDDV servovalve is designed in a rotating structure and its axially symmetric spool rotates within a certain angle range in the valve chamber.The servovalve orifices are formed by the matching between the square wave shaped land on the spool and the rectangular ports on the sleeve.In order to study the RDDV servovalve performance,flow rate model and mechanical model are established,wherein flow rates and flow induced torques at different spool rotation angles or spool radiuses are obtained.The model analysis shows that the driving torque can be alleviated due to the proposed valve structure.Computational fluid dynamics(CFD)analysis using ANSYS/FLUENT is applied to evaluate and validate the theoretical analysis.In addition,experiments on the flow rate and the mechanical characteristic of the RDDV servovalve are carried out.Both simulation and experimental results conform to the results of the theoretical model analysis,which proves that this novel and innovative structure for direct drive servovalves can reduce the flow force on the spool and improve valve frequency response characteristics.This research proposes a novel rotary direct drive servovalve,which can reduce the flow forces effectively.

DC-inverter split air-conditioner is widely used in Chinese homes as a result of its high-efficiency and energy-saving. Recently, the researches on its outdoor unit have focused on the influence of surrounding structures upon the aerodynamic and acoustic performance, however they are only limited to the influence of a few parameters on the performance, and practical design of the unit requires more detailed parametric analysis. Three-dimensional computational fluid dynamics(CFD) and computational aerodynamic acoustics(CAA) simulation based on FLUENT solver is used to study the influence of surrounding structures upon the aforementioned properties of the unit. The flow rate and sound pressure level are predicted for different rotating speed, and agree well with the experimental results. The parametric influence of three main surrounding structures(i.e. the heat sink, the bell-mouth type shroud and the outlet grille) upon the aerodynamic performance of the unit is analyzed thoroughly. The results demonstrate that the tip vortex plays a major role in the flow fields near the blade tip and has a great effect on the flow field of the unit. The inlet ring's size and throat's depth of the bell-mouth type shroud, and the through-flow area and configuration of upwind and downwind sections of the outlet grille are the most important factors that affect the aerodynamic performance of the unit. Furthermore, two improved schemes against the existing prototype of the unit are developed, which both can significantly increase the flow rate more than 6 %(i.e. 100 m3·h-1) at given rotating speeds. The inevitable increase of flow noise level when flow rate is increased and the advantage of keeping a lower rotating speed are also discussed. The presented work could be a useful guideline in designing the aerodynamic and acoustic performance of the split air-conditioner in engineering practice.

提出一种基于MEMS技术的电容式传感器,结合ARM Cortex-M3嵌入式处理器搭建电容式水汽测量系统的测控系统,以实现大气环境中的高精度湿度测量.为提高测量精度和分辨率,利用24 bitΣ-Δ数模转换器测量露点和温度.通过PID控制算法对半导体制冷器进行控制,使贴有MEMS露点传感器和温度传感器的制冷器冷端表面温度降低.当MEMS露点传感器表面温度低于露点时,其表面会产生露珠,引起MEMS电容增大.MEMS露点传感器电容值可以通过24 bitΣ-Δ电容数字转换器测量.通过Goff-Gratch方程和露点湿度转换关系,可计算出到大气湿度.测量结果表明,该系统的露点测量精度可达约±0.2℃.

The large and complex structures are divided into hundreds of thousands or millions degrees of freedom(DOF) when they are calculated which will spend a lot of time and the efficiency will be extremely low. The classical component modal synthesis method(CMSM) are used extensively, but for many structures in the engineering of high-rise buildings, aerospace systemic engineerings, marine oil platforms etc, a large amount of calculation is still needed. An improved hybrid interface substructural component modal synthesis method(HISCMSM) is proposed. The parametric model of the mistuned blisk is built by the improved HISCMSM. The double coordinating conditions of the displacement and the force are introduced to ensure the computational accuracy. Compared with the overall structure finite element model method(FEMM), the computational time is shortened by 23.86%–31.56% and the modal deviation is 0.002%–0.157% which meets the requirement of the computational accuracy. It is faster 4.46%–10.57% than the classical HISCMSM. So the improved HISCMSM is better than the classical HISCMSM and the overall structure FEMM. Meanwhile, the frequency and the modal shape are researched, considering the factors including rotational speed, gas temperature and geometry size. The strong localization phenomenon of the modal shape's the maximum displacement and the maximum stress is observed in the second frequency band and it is the most sensitive in the frequency veering. But the localization phenomenon is relatively weak in 1st and the 3d frequency band. The localization of the modal shape is more serious under the condition of the geometric dimensioning mistuned. An improved HISCMSM is proposed, the computational efficiency of the mistuned blisk can be increased observably by this method.

从碳酸盐岩储层类型划分、储层参数表征、流体性质判别到数学方法的应用等4个方面,系统总结厘定了国内外碳酸盐岩储层测井评价的方法技术,通过对比分析各种评价方法可知:根据一定的数学算法,综合利用常规测井和成像测井不仅能很好地识别储层类型,而且能实现对储层参数的半定量、定量计算评价.利用常规测井和测井新技术资料(电测井和声波测井)计算出缝洞储层的各项物性参数,在此基础上,结合常规测井、核磁共振测井和偶极横波测井能进一步判别出流体性质.通过与岩心分析结果比较,该储层参数计算方法不仅有效,而且简单可行.数学算法和测井新技术资料在复杂碳酸盐岩储层评价中发挥不可替代的作用,能解决复杂碳酸盐岩储层的计算评价问题.以碳酸盐岩储层特征及流体性质为切入点,结合各种地质、地震和测井资料,借助数学算法,准确地识别储层类型与判别流体性质,并精确求解碳酸盐岩储层特别是缝洞储层的物性参数,将是碳酸盐岩储层测井评价的重点及发展方向.

斑岩—浅成低温热液型Cu-Au成矿流体最具代表性的是H2O-Cl-S流体.流体的性质强烈控制着Cu、Au的成矿行为,包括溶解性、迁移形式和气—液分配.流体的氧逸度和流体中Cl、S物种相对含量决定金属在流体中的溶解形式,高氧逸度的高温高盐度流体中Cu、Au主要和Cl络合,S3-也可能是促进Au溶解的重要S物种形式.而过量的S有利于Cu、Au等元素以含S离子络合物进入液相流体,与含S中性络合物配分进入气相流体并迁移Au至浅成低温热液环境形成矿床.岩浆需要经历充分的分异,出溶成分和性质有利于金属迁移的流体,形成高品位的斑岩型Cu、Au矿体;上覆叠加浅成低温热液型Au矿体可能需要初始的成矿流体状态进入NaCl-H2O的超临界区、有效的演化方式、良好的流体缓冲环境和有利的Au沉淀场所.相分离和流体—流体反应是沉淀斑岩—浅成低温热液型Cu-Au矿体最重要的流体演化方式.气相流体具有独特的流体性质和演化方式,可能成为十分重要的成矿流体.