科创中国

1月22日,中国电信和网易联合推出"易信"2.0新版本,新版本最大的亮点就是增加了免费通话功能,易信好友在网络畅通的情况下可直接发起通话,通话质量相当不错.1月23日,中国电信在广州正式发布综合平台,该综合平台可为互联网应用提供业务发展所需的各种基础设施服务,用户还可享受一号通行、特权共享、便捷支付等移动互联网服务.短短的两天时间里,中国电信推出两大重要举措,虽然从表面上看它们之间似乎毫无关联,但在记者看来,这恰是其向外界释放的一

3G普及、4G起步,宣告了移动互联网时代的开启.最新的统计数据显示,今年前6个月,移动电话通话时长的增速仅为移动电话用户增速的三分之一;我国移动互联网接入流量同比增长52.1%,是移动话音通话量增速的25倍;互联网宽带接入用户净增899万户,是2008年以来上半年新增用户数的最低点.这昭示着我国全面进入移动互联网时代.全面进入移动互联网时代,将给我国信息通信业带来翻天覆地的变化.面对OTT的冲击,电信运营商的地位需要重新确立;BAT这样的传统互联网企业,也在向移动互联网迁移,在这个过程中其地位也需重新确立;移动互联网对产业和社会的作用加大,电信监管的重心需要向互联网倾斜.这所有的变化,可以用"重构"来概括.重构意味着新的发展环境、意味着新的竞争格局,更意味着新的机遇.在重构完成后,我国的经济结构将更加优化,发展质量将上一个新的台阶,整个信息通信业将进入新的境界.

自1913年中华民国政府成立了"读音统一会",规定共同语标准音开始算起,我国的普通话推广已走过了近百年的历程.尤其是在新中国成立后,国家对于在全国范围内推广统一标准的普通话尤为重视.1956年2月6日,国务院发布了《关于推广普通话的指示》,

在前面的专题稿中,陆续介绍了一些典型的脑功能系统和回路.从组织结构和功能回路来看,脑在空间维度上的分布并不是均匀的,它包含着许多由不同的区域和回路组成的系统.在脑中,支持着不同心智活动和行为功能的系统和回路,既有不同之处,但又会相互连接,

Physiological and functional traits, especially those related to behavior and whole-organism performance capacities, are subject to a variety of both parallel and opposing natural and sexual selection pressures. These selection pressures show considerable interspeciflc variation, shaping contemporary behavioral and functional diversity, but the form and intensity of selection on physiological and functional traits can also vary intraspecifically. The same suites of traits can experience quite different se- lection pressures, depending on the sex or age of a given individual, as well as the presence and nature of alternative reproductive strategies and tactics. These inter- and intra-locus genetic conflicts have potentially important consequences for the evolutionary trajectories of traits subject to them. Consequently, any intraspecific conflicts which could displace traits from their selective op- tima in certain classes of individuals relative to others are expected to result in selection for mechanisms to compensate for devia- tion from those optima. Such conflicts include interlocus sexual conflict, intralocus sexual conflict, and interacting phenotypes, as well as conflict within a sex. In this paper, we consider the evidence for, and implications of, such conflicts for physiological and functional traits in diverse taxa, including both vertebrates and invertebrates, and evaluate the various mechanisms, ranging from behavioral and mechanical to energetic and genetic, enabling compensation. We also discuss how pre- and post-mating conflicts, as well as interacting phenotypes, might affect the evolution of behavior and physiological and functional traits. Investigators that seek to understand the links among behavior, morphology, physiology, and function should consider such conflicts.

促甲状腺激素(TSH)是由脑垂体前叶分泌一种激素,其功能是促进甲状腺的增长、甲状腺素的合成和释放,并通过下丘脑-脑垂体-甲状腺轴调节甲状腺的功能.甲状腺是人体最大、最重要的内分泌腺体之一,分泌的甲状腺素具有促进糖、蛋白质、脂肪等物质的代谢、提供机体所需的能量和热量、促进机体的生长的功能.甲状腺功能异常可引起一系列的代谢异常,造成多种临床疾病.妊娠期甲状腺功能异常会对孕妇和胎儿

Acoustic?interference?can?impede?effective?communication?that?is?important?for?survival?and?reproduction?of?animals.?In?response?to?acoustic?interference,?some?animals?can?improve?signalling?efficacy?by?altering?the?structure?of?their?signals.?In?this?study,?we?played?artificial?noise?to?46?male?spring?peepers?Pseudacris?crucifer,?on?their?breeding?grounds,?and?tested?whether?the?noise?affected?the?duration,?call?rate,?and?peak?frequency?of?their?advertisement?calls.?We?used?two?experimental?noise?treatments?that?masked?either?the?high-?or?low-frequency?components?of?an?average?advertisement?call;?this?allowed?us?to?evaluate?whether?frogs?adaptively?shift?the?peak?frequency?of?their?calls?away?from?both?types?of?interference.?Our?playback?treatments?caused?spring?peepers?to?produce?shorter?calls,?and?the?high-frequency?noise?treatment?caused?them?to?lower?the?frequency?of?their?calls?immediately?after?the?noise?ceased.?Call?rate?did?not?change?in?response?to?playback.?Consistent?with?previous?studies,?ambient?temperature?was?inversely?related?to?call?duration?and?positively?related?to?call?rate.?We?conclude?that?noise?affects?the?structure?of?spring?peeper?advertisement?calls,?and?that?spring?peepers?therefore?have?a?mechanism?for?altering?signal?structure?in?response?to?noise.?Future?studies?should?test?if?other?types?of?noise,?such?as?biotic?or?anthropogenic?noise,?have?similar?effects?on?call?structure,?and?if?the?observed?changes?to?call?structure?enhance?or?impair?communication?in?noisy?environments?[Current?Zoology?60?(4):?438-448,?2014].

目的 观察四逆汤对脓毒症大鼠炎症反应及免疫功能的影响,并探讨其可能的作用机制.方法 66只SD大鼠按随机数字表法分为正常对照组(n=6)、模型组(n=30)和四逆汤组(n=30).腹腔注射脂多糖(LPS)5 mg/kg制备脓毒症大鼠模型.四逆汤组于制模后即刻灌胃四逆汤5 g/kg;模型组给予等量生理盐水;正常对照组不予任何处理.分别于制模后2、12、24、48、72 h经眼眶采血后处死大鼠,采用酶联免疫吸附试验(ELISA)测定血清白细胞介素(IL-1、IL-6、IL-10)、肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)及单核细胞人白细胞DR抗原(HLA-DR)表达水平,并观察肠黏膜组织病理改变.结果 制模后2h模型组IL-1水平(ng/L)即逐渐升高,至48 h达峰值(4.07±0.10)后逐渐下降;四逆汤组则于制模后12h达峰值(2.98±0.12)后逐渐下降.模型组和四逆汤组IL-6水平(ng/L)分别于制模后12 h(91.39± 1.55、73.00±2.38)、48 h(82.51±1.49、64.68±1.68)达到两个高峰.模型组IL-10水平(ng/L)于制模后2h达高峰(86.66±6.12)后逐渐下降;四逆汤组于制模后12h短暂下降(71.61±2.35)后逐渐上升,至48 h接近正常对照组水平(109.09±4.77比124.01±7.89,P>0.05).模型组TNF-α水平(ng/L)逐渐升高至48 h达峰值(83.37±3.79);四逆汤组升高至12h达峰值(48.52±1.21),72 h降到正常对照组水平(18.59±1.97比15.50±2.68,P>0.05).实验过程中,与模型组比较,四逆汤组各时间点IL-1、IL-6、TNF-α明显下降,IL-10明显升高.模型组和四逆汤组HLA-DR表达(μg/L)于制模后2h达峰值(4.86±0.15、4.85±0.17),随后逐渐下降;四逆汤组于制模后48 h和72 h时HLA-DR表达较模型组显著升高(48 h:4.21±0.12比2.74±0.16,72h:3.80±0.09比2.27±0.12,均P<0.01).光镜下观察显示:制模后2h,模型组和四逆汤组肠黏膜均有明显炎性细胞浸润,绒毛受损严重;于制模后12h起,四逆汤组炎性细胞浸润较模型组明显减轻,小肠黏膜绒毛修复较模型组更完整.结论 四逆汤可调节脓毒症大鼠全身炎症反应状态,促进肠黏膜的修复,保护肠道功能,并促进机体免疫功能的恢复.

目的:探讨在腹腔镜直肠癌根治手术中保留盆腔植物神经(PANP)对男性局部复发率、生存率和术后生活质量的影响.方法:不同时期的2组腹腔镜直肠癌根治手术病人,其中非保留盆腔植物神经组34例,保留组88例,回顾性分析比较2组患者的局部复发率、5年存活率及术后排尿功能和性功能.结果:两组均顺利完成手术.其中保留植物神经组82例获得随访,未保留组28例获得随访.局部复发率保留植物神经组为7.3%(6/82),未保留组7.1%(18/28);5年存活率保留植物神经组为84.2%(69/82)未保留组为82.1%(23/28),2组差异无统计学意义(P>0.05).排尿功能障碍植物神经组为28.1%(23/82),未保留组为60.7%(17/28);勃起功能障碍保留植物神经组为24.4%(20/82),未保留组约为67.9%(19/28),射精功能障碍保留植物神经组24.4%(20/82),未保留组71.4%,(20/28),两组比差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05).结论:腹腔镜直肠癌根治术中保留植物神经功能,对局部复发率和5年存活率无明显影响,但可明显提高患者的生存质量.

根据中国文字改革委员会《中国人名汉语拼音字母拼写法》(1974年)的规定:(1)中国人名分汉语姓名和少数民族语姓名.用汉语拼音字母拼写姓名,汉语姓名按照普通话拼写,少数民族语姓名按照民族语拼写.(2)少数民族语姓名按照民族语,用汉语拼音字母音译转写.