科创中国

Because antipredator behaviours are costly, the threat-sensitive predator avoidance hypothesis predicts that individual animals should express predator-avoidance behaviour proportionally to the perceived threat posed by the predator. Here, we experimentally tested this hypothesis by providing wild passerine birds supplemental food (on a raised feeding platform) at either 1 or 4 m from the edge of forest cover (potential refuge), in either the presence or absence of a nearby simulated predation threat (a sharp-shinned hawk Accipiter striatus model). Compared with the control treatment, we observed proportionally fewer bird visits to the food patch, and the birds took longer to re-emerge from forest refuge and return to feed at the food patch, after the hawk presentation than before it. The observed threat-sensitive latency-to-return response was stronger when the food patch was further away from the nearest refuge. Overall, our results are consistent with the predictions of the threat-sensitive predator avoidance hypothesis in that wild passerine birds (primarily black-capped chickadees Poecile atricapillus) exhibited more intense antipre- dator behavioural responses with increasing level of apparent threat. The birds were thus sensitive to their local perceived threat of predation and traded-off safety from predation (by refuging) and foraging gains in open habitat in a graded, threat-sensitive manner [Current Zoology 60 (6): 719-728, 2014].

鸣禽是研究神经发育和行为性别差异的理想的模式动物.大多数鸣禽的鸣唱行为和脑中的鸣唱控制系统都表现出性两态性,性激素在鸣唱控制系统的季节可塑性和鸣唱行为变化中起关键作用.

封顶壶形盉是指顶部封闭、顶盖上前部有管状流、后部有口、束颈、鼓腹、平底、单鋬,整体呈壶形的陶器或青铜器.因流根部多见对称乳钉或泥质圆饼,加上较长的流,好似象鼻,又称象鼻盉或兽首盉.先秦时期的陶盉和青铜

Studying movements is essential for shedding light on a number of issues related to avian biology: behavioral aspects such as foraging, migratory routes and strategies, navigation and orientation mechanisms; ecological aspects such as metapopulation dynamics, insular biogeography, seed dispersal, disease spread; conservation biology such as the effects of habitat fragmentation, identification of key areas deserving protection, effects of climate change. Despite these relevant issues, the topic of "Movement ecology" on its own has only been highlighted recently (Nathan et al., 2008);although, the investigation of animal movements has always been one of the most fascinating topics for any zoologist and often is also quite a difficult task.

鉴于光学零件高陡度凹曲面的抛光是光学加工的一个难题,轮带光学确定性抛光方法是解决此类零件抛光的有效方法之一;提出轮带光学抛光技术的原理和方法.研究了轮带光学抛光方法修形的可行性,采用五轴精密数控机床系统对一块直径Φ80 mm的K9玻璃平面样镜进行了修形试验,经过3次迭代修形使其面形精度均方根误差(RMS)由初始的0.109 λ提高到0.028 λ,平均每次收敛率达到1.3.实验结果表明,应用轮带光学抛光技术进行光学镜面修形,面形收敛速度较快,加工精度较高.本实验验证了轮带光学抛光技术的修形能力,为高陡度光学零件的抛光提供了研究基础.

病例女,29岁,因感冒后口服阿莫西林胶囊及头痛药(具体药物不详)后全身出现大量红斑,在成都某大型三甲医院诊断为:重症多形红斑药疹,并立即给予抗过敏治疗,当时眼部无明显异常.出院后10余天,发现双眼充血严重,眼

为掌握孔隙介质级配和均匀性对水源热泵回灌过程中堵塞的影响,通过室内回灌试验测定了不同级配试样回灌渗透能力,利用颗粒级配分形维数分析了试样级配和不均匀性与回灌渗透性能的相关关系.结果表明级配分形维数D与不均匀系数的对数(lnCu)之间呈负相关,与渗透系数和孔隙度n则呈正相关.从而为不同水文地质条件地区水源热泵工程的适宜性分析,回灌堵塞机理的分析以及防止水源热泵工程堵塞技术的选择提供了一定的科学依据.

砂岩渗透性能一般都通过实验室或野外试验测试确定.本文基于岩石微观空隙分形特点,确立了岩石渗透率与分形维数的定量关系,实现了直接利用岩芯电镜扫描微观图像分形技术测定岩石宏观渗透性能的目标.为了精确统计SEM图像中不规则孔的面积、周长、半径、个数等参数,解决获取切片孔喉分形维数这一难题,应用Imagepro plus专业图像软件处理扫描电镜切片图像.将岩石渗透率理论值与实验室渗透率测定结果对比,结果表明:宏观渗透率与微观分形参数D的理论关系式成立,具有工程应用推广价值.

结冰会对飞行安全造成极大的威胁,非常有必要建立结冰的预测模型.飞机结冰顽删是智能结冰系统的重要组成部分之一.预测模型以冰形为研究对象.先用曲线替代翼型前缘,把附着于翼型上的冰形分离出来,再通过保角映射得到独立于翼型的冰形数学模型.接着以傅里叶级数形式展开,得到冰形的傅里叶系数.然后建立神经阿络预测模型,以影响飞机结冰的大气和飞行条件参数作为神经网络的输入,以冰形的傅里叶系数作为神经网络的输出.分别以传统的互项参数(液态水含量、平均水微滴直径、结冰时间、温度和飞行速度)和新增加两顷参数(相对湿度和攻角)建立网络进行训练仿真.仿真结果表明,该方法能很好地预测冰形,增加两项参数后的神经网络模型预测效果更好.