科创中国

皮肤低分化恶性梭形细胞肿瘤的诊断非常困难,尤其是低分化梭形细胞鳞状细胞癌(spindle cell squamous cell carcinoma,SpSCC)与非典型纤维黄色瘤(atypical fibroxanthoma,AFX)的鉴别,具有重要的临床意义.早前研究认为p63能够有效区别AFX与SpSCC,但有文献报道在一些AFX中p63亦呈广泛表达,因而限制了在两者鉴别诊断中的应用.

非典型纤维黄色瘤(AFX)是一种生长迅速的皮肤肿瘤,常累及老年人受日光照射的头颈部皮肤.典型的AFX由增生的恶性梭形和上皮样细胞构成膨胀性或浸润性的结节状结构,位于紧靠表皮的真皮层中,累及皮下组织罕见,瘤细胞怪异,多形性显著,核分裂丰富.鉴别诊断包括低分化梭形细胞鳞癌(SpSCC)、梭形细胞黑色素瘤、平滑肌肉瘤和血管

Life-history theory predicts that in hibemators age of maturation is related positively to body size and negatively to the duration of active season aboveground. Yellow souslik is a large-sized ground squirrel with long hibernation, which suggests late maturation. We used four-year field observations of marked individuals to determine the age of maturation in males through analysis of age-dependent variation in body size, mass, androgen status, timing of spring emergence, ranging patterns and social behavior during the mating season. Yearling males were smaller, lighter, had lower level of fecal testosterone, emerged later and had smaller home ranges than older males. Social activity and the number of females encountered did not differ between age classes. After the second hibernation none of the studied parameters varied with age. Cluster analysis revealed two behavioral tactics: "active" males (adults only) emerged earlier, ranged more widely, initiated more contacts, encountered more females and were heavier than "passive" males (both yearling and adult). Thus, males of S. fulvus reached adult size and matured after two hibernations, which is relatively fast for such a big species with short active period. Indirect evidence for copulations and high variation among yearlings in all parameters suggest that some of them might successfully compete with adults. Active tactic of wandering and searching for females is energetically costly, and probably only adult males in good physical condition can afford it, whereas passive tactic of residing is energy saving and good for adults in poor condition and for yearlings that are continuing to grow.

一部叫《非洲怪客》的纪录片,讲的是那些天生和另4的同类长得不太一样的动物,比如一只白色的非洲狮子、一只黄色的鳄鱼和一只长着条状花纹的猎豹.因为基因变异的缘故,它们得了皮肤病,因此在种群中会特别显眼,成为怪客.但这却是一件威胁到生存的糟糕事.白色的狮子无法在草丛里隐藏,黄色的小鳄鱼在水里特别扎眼.无法接近猎物,是他们致命的弱点,但这就是大自然的法则.而大自然的另一个法则是,

2012年版《WHO乳腺肿瘤分类》[1]定义了20余种乳腺良性肿瘤(生物学行为编码:/0),而有关少见乳腺良性肿瘤的临床研究很少,临床常用的乳腺疾病分类方法中并不包括这些少见肿瘤,如包含乳腺良性疾病90%的ANDI(aberrations in normal development and involution of the breast)分类法.少见乳腺良性肿瘤术前大多难以做出准确诊

目的 总结原发性心脏肿瘤的临床特征.方法 对接受手术治疗的186例原发性心脏肿瘤患者的临床资料作回顾性分析.结果 本组原发性心脏肿瘤患者以41~50岁为高发年龄区段;首发症状以心悸、气短最为常见;右心恶性肿瘤比例高于左心(P<0 05).心脏肿瘤为良性者占95.7%,其中黏液瘤占91.9%,均经心脏超声检查确诊,171例黏液瘤手术切除.左、右心肿瘤患者病死率、复发率相比差异有统计学意义(P均<0.05);黏液瘤组复发率、远期病死率低于恶性肿瘤组(P均<0,05).结论 原发性心脏肿瘤多数为左房黏液瘤,缺乏特征性临床表现;心脏超声检查是术前诊断心脏肿瘤的最佳手段,右心系统肿瘤中恶性肿瘤比例高;手术切除是原发性心脏肿瘤的首选治疗方法,其预后取决于肿瘤的病理类型及浸润范围.

目的:探讨益气消瘤方合用环磷酰胺对C26荷瘤小鼠抑瘤增效减毒作用.方法:将C26肿瘤细胞种植于小鼠右腋窝皮下,建立移植性肿瘤模型,接种后第2天开始给药,腹腔注射环磷酰胺及灌胃益气消瘤方,第10天称重后处死小鼠,眼眶取血做血液学检查,观察小鼠胸腺、脾脏及肿瘤生长情况.结果:与同期荷瘤环磷酰胺组相比,益气消瘤方组能明显提高环磷酰胺引起的白细胞、血小板下降,并加强环磷酰胺的抑瘤作用.结论:益气消瘤方与环磷酰胺联合用药具有增效减毒作用.

目的 探讨胃间质瘤(gastric stromal tumors,GSTs)与胃神经鞘瘤(gastric schwannoma,GSs)的临床病理学特征及二者的鉴别诊断.方法 对30例GSTs和14例GSs患者的临床资料、病理学特征、免疫表型、治疗及预后进行分析,并结合文献对二者进行比较.结果 30例GSTs患者中男女比为1.31∶1,肿瘤多见于胃底,其次胃体、胃窦,肿瘤直径(4.95±3.66) cm,临床症状无特殊;免疫表型:大部分病例CD117、CD34、DOG1弥漫阳性,部分病例S-100局灶阳性,GFAP均阴性.14例GSs患者男女比为1∶1.8,肿瘤多见于胃体,其次为胃底、胃窦,肿瘤直径(2.66±1.40)cm,临床症状无特殊;免疫表型:GFAP、S-100弥漫阳性,CD117、CD34、DOG1均阴性.GSTs与GSs治疗均以手术切除为主,GSTs术后予以格列卫靶向治疗,预后较好,而GSs患者术后无需放、化疗,预后均较好.结论 GSTs与GSs患者在形态学、免疫表型及预后方面均有所不同,可资鉴别.

目的 建立蝎龙酒(全蝎、当归、白芍、红花、地龙、威灵仙、杜仲等)中芍药苷、羟基红花黄色素A和阿魏酸的测定方法.方法 采用反相高效液相色谱法进行定量分析,用Inertsil C8-3柱,乙腈-0.1%磷酸-四氢呋喃(18∶80∶2)为流动相,体积流量为1.0 mL/min,检测波长为340 nm.结果 芍药苷、羟基红花黄色素A和阿魏酸的线性范围分别为46.69~466.95 μg/mL、11.13~111.35 μg/mL和4.84~ 48.4 μg/mL;平均加样回收率分别为101.08%、99.85%和100.34% (n =6).结论 此法简便、准确,具有良好的重复性和回收率,适用于蝎龙酒中3种成分的同时测定.

目的:研究中药复方扶正肺瘤方对黑色素瘤B16生长和转移的作用.方法:建立BALB/C无胸腺裸小鼠黑色素瘤B16动物模型,观察小鼠实体瘤瘤重、瘤体大小、肺部转移灶、淋巴结等指标的变化,研究扶正肺瘤方对黑色素瘤B16的抑瘤作用.结果:扶正肺瘤方高剂量组的瘤重较对照组减少,抑瘤率可达43.94%;中药复方扶正肺瘤方高剂量组的肿瘤平均直径倍增时间较对照组延长,肺部转移结节减少,转移率降低;高剂量组和低剂量组的淋巴结重量均小于对照组.结论:扶正肺瘤方对裸小鼠黑色素瘤B16模型有一定的抑瘤、抗转移作用.