科创中国

目的 观察SIVmac251病毒感染猕猴后其脾脏和淋巴结组织的病理学变化,探索猴艾滋病毒感染及猴艾滋病的发病机理.方法 采用SIVmac251病毒感染猕猴,取感染过程中死亡猴以及实验结束存活猴的脾脏和淋巴结进行光镜与电镜观察.结果 光镜观察,见三种淋巴结的病理变化,包括增生型,退化型和耗竭型;电镜观察,淋巴细胞胞质、胞核及静脉内皮细胞胞质内见病毒颗粒和晶格状排列的病毒;脾脏和淋巴结超微损伤以线粒体为主,表现为线粒体增生,肿胀和形态改变(长形巨大线粒体).结论 SIV感染猕猴淋巴结病理改变与人HIV淋巴结病理改变相近,是适于研究艾滋病免疫机理的理想动物模型.首次发现晶格状排列的SIV病毒.

目的 观察与比较雨蛙素注射、胰胆管结扎及精氨酸注射三种慢性胰腺炎造模方法.方法 将大鼠随机分入雨蛙素注射(Cerulein)组,胰胆管结扎(Ligation)组,精氨酸注射组(Arginine).采取相应方法制作慢性胰腺炎动物模型,在造模后3d、7d、14d三个时间点检测血淀粉酶、丙氨酸氨基转氨酶、血糖水平,ELISA法检测血清TNF-a,IL-1b水平,获取胰腺组织标本,对胰腺水肿、炎症、出血、腺泡坏死进行病理评分,应用Van Gieson染色法对胰腺胶原纤维染色.RT-PCR法检测TGF-b表达.结果 造模后各时间点,各组丙氨酸氨基转氨酶、血糖、TNF-a、IL-1b水平无明显差异,注射后3d,Cerulein组胰腺病理评分明显低于Ligation组和Arginine组.三组均可见胰腺组织胶原染色.Cerulein组3d时TGF-b表达低于Ligation组.结论 三种造模方法各有优劣,但精氨酸注射法简便易行.

探讨生长分化因子-9(GDF-9)及其mRNA在高雄激素多囊卵巢综合征(PCOS)大鼠模型中的表达.方法:43只雌性sD大鼠随机分组,实验组大鼠皮下注射脱氢表雄酮建立PCOS动物模型;采用放射免疫法测定血清性激素水平,结合大鼠模型卵巢组织HE染色的病理结构改变进行模型验证;采用免疫组织化学法检测大鼠卵巢组织GDF-9表达及定位,蛋白印迹法进-步观察GDF-9表达变化;逆转录PCR法检测GDF-9mRNA表达.结果:血清性激素水平及HE染色病理结果均提示模型建立成功.免疫组织化学结果显示实验组卵泡中GDF-9表达增强,卵巢间质GDF-9表达下降,实验组和对照组间卵泡和间质灰度值差异均有统计学意义(P〈0.05).蛋白印迹检测及PCR结果提示实验组GDF-9蛋白表达下降,而GDF-9mRNA表达与对照组比较无差异.结论:GDF-9表达及分布改变可能是PCOS发生发展的重要原因.

Several typical flexible pneumatic actuators(FPA) and different mechanical models describing their behaviors have been proposed, however, it is difficult to balance compliance and load capacity in conventional designs, and these models still have limitations in predicting behavior of FPAs. A new flexible pneumatic bending joint(FPBJ) with special anisotropic rigidity structure is proposed. The FPBJ is developed as an improvement with regard to existing types of FPA, and its principal characteristic is derived from the special anisotropic rigidity structure. With this structure, the load capacity in the direction perpendicular to bending plane is strengthened. The structure of the new FPBJ is explained and a mathematical model is derived based on Euler-Bernoulli beam model and Hook's law. To obtain optimum design and usage, some key structure parameters and input-output characteristics are simulated. The simulation results reveal that the relationship between the structure parameters and FPBJ's bending angle is nonlinear. At last, according to the simulation results, the FPBJ is manufactured with optional parameters and tested. The experimental results show that the joint's statics characteristics are reflected by the mathematical model accurately when the FPBJ is deflated. The maximum relative error between simulation and experimental results is less than 6%. However, the model still has limitations. When the joint is inflated, the maximum relative error reaches 20%. This paper proposes a new flexible pneumatic bending joint which has sufficient load capacity and compliance, and the mathematical model provides theoretical guidance for the FPBJ's structure design.

地下水数值模拟是目前定量研究地下水的重要手段.分析了数值法求解地下水流数学模型的基本步骤,对于采用试估一校正法进行模型识别率定和验证过程中,在遵循模型的识别率定和验证的基本要求和四个基本原则基础上,对于如何评价模型率定和验证的效果、定量分析模型精度、以及达到模型可实际应用的要求,总结众多地下水数值模型调试的经验,提出了地下水数值模型识别率定和验证的定量评价标准.

Most researches on transient fuel control of port fuel injection S.I. engine are carried out from the perspective of advanced mathematical theories. When it comes to practical control, there exist many limitations although they are more intelligent. In order to overcome the fuel wetting effect of PFI engine, the application-oriented transient fuel control is studied by analyzing the key parameters which are closely related with the engine transient characteristics. Both validity and simplicity are taken into consideration. Based on the fuel wall-wetting theory and popular fuel compensation strategy, short-term transient fuel(STF) and long-term transient fuel(LTF), as well as their individual decay approaches, are introduced. STF is to compensate the drastic fuel film loss caused by sudden throttle change, while the function of LTF is to compensate the fuel film loss by manifold air pressure(p) fluctuation. Each of them has their respective pros and cons. The engine fuel mass and air mass are also calculated for air-fuel ratio(AFR) according to ideal gas state equation and empirical equations. The vehicle acceleration test is designed for model validation. The engine experiences several mild and heavy accelerations corresponding to the gear change during vehicle acceleration. STF and LTF control are triggered reliably. The engine transient fuel control simulation adopts the same inputs as the test to ensure consistency. The logged test data are used to check the model output. The results show that the maximum fuel pulse width(FPW) error reaches 2 ms, and it only occurs under engine heavy acceleration condition. The average FPW error is 0.57 ms. The results of simulation and test are close overall, which indicates the accuracy of steady and transient fuel. The proposed research provides an efficient approach not only suitable for practical engineering application, but also for AFR prediction, fuel consumption calculation, and further studies on emission control.

Parallel kinematic machines have drawn considerable attention and have been widely used in some special fields.However,high precision is still one of the challenges when they are used for advanced machine tools.One of the main reasons is that the kinematic chains of parallel kinematic machines are composed of elongated links that can easily suffer deformations,especially at high speeds and under heavy loads.A 3-RRR parallel kinematic machine is taken as a study object for investigating its accuracy with the consideration of the deformations of its links during the motion process.Based on the dynamic model constructed by the Newton-Euler method,all the inertia loads and constraint forces of the links are computed and their deformations are derived.Then the kinematic errors of the machine are derived with the consideration of the deformations of the links.Through further derivation,the accuracy of the machine is given in a simple explicit expression,which will be helpful to increase the calculating speed.The accuracy of this machine when following a selected circle path is simulated.The influences of magnitude of the maximum acceleration and external loads on the running accuracy of the machine are investigated.The results show that the external loads will deteriorate the accuracy of the machine tremendously when their direction coincides with the direction of the worst stiffness of the machine.The proposed method provides a solution for predicting the running accuracy of the parallel kinematic machines and can also be used in their design optimization as well as selection of suitable running parameters.

Linear motors generate high heat and cause significant deformation in high speed direct feed drive mechanisms.It is relevant to estimate their deformation behavior to improve their application in precision machine tools.This paper describes a method to estimate its thermal deformation based on updated finite element(FE)model methods.Firstly,a FE model is established for a linear motor drive test rig that includes the correlation between temperature rise and its resulting deformation.The relationship between the input and output variables of the FE model is identified with a modified multivariate input/output least square support vector regression machine.Additionally,the temperature rise and displacements at some critical points on the mechanism are obtained experimentally by a system of thermocouples and an interferometer.The FE model is updated through intelligent comparison between the experimentally measured values and the results from the regression machine.The experiments for testing thermal behavior along with the updated FE model simulations is conducted on the test rig in reciprocating cycle drive conditions.The results show that the intelligently updated FE model can be implemented to analyze the temperature variation distribution of the mechanism and to estimate its thermal behavior.The accuracy of the thermal behavior estimation with the optimally updated method can be more than double that of the initial theoretical FE model.This paper provides a simulation method that is effective to estimate the thermal behavior of the direct feed drive mechanism with high accuracy.

The intermittent connection(IC)of the field-bus in networked manufacturing systems is a common but hard troubleshooting network problem,which may result in system level failures or safety issues.However,there is no online IC location identification method available to detect and locate the position of the problem.To tackle this problem,a novel model based online fault location identification method for localized IC problem is proposed.First,the error event patterns are identified and classified according to different node sources in each error frame.Then generalized zero inflated Poisson process(GZIP)model for each node is established by using time stamped error event sequence.Finally,the location of the IC fault is determined by testing whether the parameters of the fitted stochastic model is statistically significant or not using the confident intervals of the estimated parameters.To illustrate the proposed method,case studies are conducted on a 3-node controller area network(CAN)test-bed,in which IC induced faults are imposed on a network drop cable using computer controlled on-off switches.The experimental results show the parameters of the GZIP model for the problematic node are statistically significant(larger than 0),and the patterns of the confident intervals of the estimated parameters are directly linked to the problematic node,which agrees with the experimental setup.The proposed online IC location identification method can successfully identify the location of the drop cable on which IC faults occurs on the CAN network.

Currently, relatively large errors are found in numerical results in some low-specific-speed centrifugal pumps with unshrouded impeller because the effect of clearances and holes are not accurately modeled. Establishing an accurate analytical model to improve performance prediction accuracy is therefore necessary. In this paper, a three-dimensional numerical simulation is conducted to predict the performance of a low-specific-speed centrifugal pump, and the modeling, numerical scheme, and turbulent selection methods are discussed. The pump performance is tested in a model pump test bench, and flow rate, head, power and efficiency of the pump are obtained. The effect of taking into consideration the back-out vane passage, clearance, and balance holes is analyzed by comparing it with experimental results, and the performance prediction methods are validated by experiments. The analysis results show that the pump performance can be accurately predicted by the improved method. Ignoring the back-out vane passage in the calculation model of unshrouded impeller is found to generate better numerical results. Further, the calculation model with the clearances and balance holes can obviously enhance the numerical accuracy. The application of disconnect interface can reduce meshing difficulty but increase the calculation error at the off-design operating point at the same time. Compared with the standard k–ε, renormalization group k–ε, and Spalart–Allmars models, the Realizable k–ε model demonstrates the fastest convergent speed and the highest precision for the unshrouded impeller flow simulation. The proposed modeling and numerical simulation methods can improve the performance prediction accuracy of the low-specific-speed centrifugal pumps, and the modeling method is especially suitable for the centrifugal pump with unshrouded impeller.