科创中国

目的 探讨高频彩色多普勒超声对乳腺髓样癌的诊断价值,分析超声误诊原因.方法 回顾性分析经手术病理证实的26例乳腺髓样癌的超声表现,归纳其声像图特征,总结导致误诊的原因.结果 乳腺髓样癌具有特征性声像图表现,包括边界清楚但无包膜、形态尚规则、内部回声低而后方回声增强、血供丰富等.超声诊断符合率81% (21/26),19%(5/26)误诊为纤维腺瘤.结论 高频彩色多普勒超声对乳腺髓样癌诊断符合率较高,分析其误诊原因有利于进一步提高对本病声像图特征的认识,减少误诊.

Objective Immediate physical exercise has been recommended for patients in the recovery phase to improve survival and quality of life(QOL)and reduce recurrence of disease.The new NCCN Guidelines for Survivorship also highlighted the role of exercise in post-cancer health,encouraging patients to perform light physical activity following treatment.The aim of our study is to effect of Tai Chi Chuan(TCC)on serotonin and cortisol for monitoring stress and QOL in post-treatment breast cancer patients.Methods Totally85 post-treatment breast cancer patients were enrolled in this study to observe the effects of practicing TCC on recovery,as well as stress and happiness which are indicators of QOL of in patients.Peripheral blood was drawn from study subjects to analyze the levels of serotonin,cortisol and high sensitive C-reactive protein(HSCRP)at baseline,and at 3,6 and 12 months of TCC practice.Blood was drawn from healthy subjects only at baseline.A QOL questionnaire was administered to study subjects at three time points throughout the study,and once for healthy controls.The data were processed by analysis of variance of repeated measurement.Results At 3,6 and 12 months time points following regular TCC exercise,WBC,RBC,hemoglobin in blood samples showed a statistically significant difference(F=161.55,172.14,289.73;all P=0.00);the level of serotonin(biomarker for well-being),cortisol(indicator of stress)and HS-CRP(biomarker for inflammation)showed a statistical improvement(F=307.46,182.85,102.23;all P=0.00).After 3,6 and 12 months of regular TCC exercise,according to the results of QOL questionnaire,the indicators including quality of sleep,perceived hunger,fatigue,contentment,stress and social interaction presented a significant difference(F=312.98,222.64,543.90,46.05,28.10,78.92,all P<0.05),while there was no statistical difference in life dissatisfaction(F=56.61,P=0.166)Conclusions TCC physical activity for post-treatment breast cancer patients improved QOL and overall well-being,leading to improved mental,physical and psychological functioning.Regulated levels of serotonin and cortisol mediated by TCC exercises are proved to be vital for continued good health.

Objective To detect the cell viability and the expressions of stem cell surface markers after chemotherapeutic drug treatment.Methods We observed the cytotoxic effects of three chemotherapeutic agents[epirubicin(Epi),fluorouracil(5-FU)and cyclophosphamide(Cyc)]in three cell lines,and the cell viabilities after removed these chemotherapeutic agents.Expressions of stem cell surface markers CD44,CD24,CD90,CD14 and aldehyde dehydrogenase1(ALDH1)in breast cancer cells were analyzed by real-time PCR.The post hoc analysis(Tukey's tests)in conjunction with one-way ANOVA was used for statistical analysis.Results The initial cytotoxic efficacy was most notable.After the treatment of the same therapeutic agents,cell viability was decreased by 64.8%35.14%,32.25%in BT-483 cells,66.4%,22.94%and 45.88%in MDA-MB-231 cells,97.1%,99.5%and 76.4%in MCF cells.The difference was significant compared with that before treatment(P=0.000).However,the inhibitory effects were diminished after chemotherapeutic agent withdrawal.Cell viabilities were increased to 167.9%,212.04%and 188.66%in MDA-MB-231 cells at48 h after withdrawal.At 72 h after withdrawal,cell viability was increased with a significant difference in three cell lines(all P values=0.000).Expressions of CD44 and ALDH1 were most prevalent for MDA-MB-231,BT-483 and MCF-7 cells.ALDH1 mRNA level was significant higher in BT-483(HER-2 overexpression cell line)than MDA-MB-231(triple negative cell line)(P=0.012).CD14 mRNA level in MCF-7 cells were significantly lower than that in MDA-MB-231 and BT-483(P=0.003,0.001).BT-483 showed significantly higher level of CD44 than MDA-MB-231 and MCF-7 cell line(P=0.013,0.020),and no significant difference was detected between MDA-MB-231 and MCF-7 breast cancer cells(P=0.955).CD90 mRNA expressions were detected in MDA-MB-231 cells and MCF-7 cells,but not in BT-483 cells.Conclusion Some malignant cells could survive in vitro and begin to proliferate again between cycles of chemotherapy.

目的研究fascaplysin对ICR小鼠S180移植瘤生长的体内抑制作用,并初步探讨fascaplysin在体内抑瘤的分子机制.方法皮下注射技术建立荷S180骨肉瘤的ICR小鼠为实体瘤动物模型,然后将其分为4组:即空白对照组(注射生理盐水)、阳性对照组[CTX,30mg/(kg·d)]、fascaplysin高剂量组[20mg/(kg·d)]和fascaplysin低剂量组[5mg/(kg·d)],处理10天后,利用电镜分析各组小鼠移植瘤细胞的变化,应用免疫组化技术检测相应组织PCNA、CD31表达情况.结果电镜结果显示肿瘤组织细胞出现凋亡现象.PCNA结果发现,fascaplysin治疗组与空白对照组相比差异极显著(P〈0.01),高、低剂量组之间差异显著(P〈0.05),具有一定程度的剂量一效应依赖性.MVD结果:与空白对照组相比,fascaplysin各剂量组肿瘤组织内MVD均明显减少(P〈0.01).结论Fascaplysin治疗能诱导肿瘤细胞凋亡,减少肿瘤组织PCNA的表达,降低肿瘤的增殖活性.减少肿瘤组织微血管的密度,抑制肿瘤血管的新生.提示fascaplysin在体内具有良好的抗肿瘤作用.

目的 探讨常规超声按照乳腺影像报告及数据系统(BI-RADS)标准与超声弹性应变率比值法对触诊阴性乳腺肿块的诊断价值.方法 常规超声检查按照BI-RADS-US标准将85例患者91个触诊阴性乳腺病灶进行分级,并于穿刺活检或手术切除前进行超声弹性应变率比值法测定.以病理诊断为金标准,构建受试者应用工作特征曲线( ROC),比较2种不同方法的诊断价值.结果 触诊阴性乳腺恶性病灶弹性应变率比值远大于良性病灶(分别为6.92±5.91和2.49±3.26),两者比较差异显著(P<0.01);弹性应变率比值法与BI RADS-US标准的曲线下面积(AUC)分别为0.891和0.818.两者比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);2种方法联合应用构建ROC曲线AUC为0.976,与BI-RADS-US标准比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.01),与弹性应变率比值法比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05).结论 弹性应变率比值法对触诊阴性乳腺病灶的良恶性评估价值明显;常规超声与超声弹性成像联合应用有助于判断触诊阴性乳腺病灶的良恶性,具有重要的临床应用价值.

目的 探讨miR-21在大肠癌细胞迁移和侵袭中的作用及机制.方法 取大肠癌SW480细胞培养、传代,分为两组.观察组转染miR-21 mimics,对照组加入同浓度的miRNA mimics negative control.采用实时荧光定量PCR法检测细胞中miR-21的表达情况,采用Transwell小室检测细胞的迁移和侵袭能力,Western blot法检测上皮一间质转化(EMT)相关蛋白表达情况.结果 转染组miR-21的表达量、细胞的迁移和侵袭能力均明显高于对照组(P均<0.05);细胞中紧密连接蛋白(ZO-1)和上皮钙黏蛋白(E-cad)的表达明显降低、神经钙黏蛋白(N-cad)和转录因子Slug的表达明显升高,第10号染色体同源缺失性磷酸酶-张力蛋白(PTEN)表达明显降低、而磷酸化蛋白激酶B(p-Akt)表达明显升高(P均<0.05).结论 miR-21可促进人大肠癌细胞发生EMT发生细胞迁移和侵袭,其机制为下调PTEN蛋白表达、激活P13K/Akt,促进EMT.

目的探讨白细胞介素-10(IL-10)对肿瘤坏死因子-a(TNF-a)诱导的人肝星状细胞(HSC)激活的抑制作用.方法使用10ng/mlTNF-a刺激体外培养的HSC,建立HSC激活模型,给予HSC激活模型不同浓度IL.10(2、10、20ng/ml)作用不同时间(1、2、24、48、72、96h)后,油红O染色观察细胞脂肪含量,分别用Westernblot和RT-PCR检测a-平滑肌肌动蛋白(a-SMA)和单核细胞趋化蛋白-1(MCP-1)表达水平.结果TNF-a刺激后,HSC脂肪含量显著减少,a-SMA和MCP-1表达量水平均随时间延长而升高(P〈0.05).联合使用IL-10,a-SMA水平显著下降(P〈0.05),且具有浓度依赖性(P〈0.05),MCP-1水平亦下降(P〈0.05).结论IL-10可以抑制由TNF-a诱导的HSC激活,在肝脏早期炎症和肝纤维化进程中起保护作用.