科创中国

目的 研究胎儿颜面部角度孕期发育规律,探讨测量胎儿颜面部角度在产前诊断小下颌畸形中的应用价值.方法 选择20~36孕周正常胎儿188例,应用经腹三维超声测量胎儿颜面部角度,采用SPSS 13.0软件分析颜面部角度正常值范围,Person相关系数(r)评估胎儿颜面部角度与孕周相关性;对比小下颌畸形胎儿颜面部角度与正常组差异.结果 20~36孕周正常胎儿颜面部角度与孕周无相关性,r=0.001,P=0.757.胎儿颜面部角度均值是62.37°,标准差为6.23°.颜面部角度小于49.9°诊断为小下颌畸形.6例小下颌畸形胎儿颜面部角度均小于49.9°.结论 应用三维超声检测胎儿颜面部角度,为产前诊断小下颌畸形提供一种客观定量的检测方法.

Three dimensional(3D)displacements,which can be translated further into 3D strain,are key parameters for design,manufacturing and quality control.Using different optical setups,phase-shift methods,and algorithms,several different 3D electronic speckle pattern interferometry(ESPI)systems for displacement and strain measurements have been achieved and commercialized.This paper provides a review of the recent developments in ESPI systems for 3D displacement and strain measurement.After an overview of the fundamentals of ESPI theory,temporal phase-shift,and spatial phase-shift techniques,3D deformation measurements by the temporal phase-shift ESPI system,which is suited well for static measurement,and by the spatial phase-shift ESPI system,which is particularly useful for dynamic measurement,are discussed.For each method,the basic theory,a brief derivation and different optical layouts are presented.The state of art application,potential and limitation of the ESPI systems are shown and demonstrated.

目的 探讨超声在颅脑深部血肿清除术术中的应用价值.方法 在12例颅脑深部血肿清除采用超声定位,确定血肿大小、范围、深度、与硬膜的距离、周围及内部有无血流信号,实时动态监测血肿清除情况.结果 所有患者血肿清除率超过80%.术后随访3个月,按GOS分级,恢复良好8例,中度残疾2例,重度残疾2例,无死亡病例.结论 术中超声操作简便,定位精确,在减少手术损伤、提高患者术后生活质量方面具有重要的作用.

To improve the performance of the positive displacement blower,it is imperative to understand the detailed internal flow characteristics or enable a visualization of flow status.However,the existing two-dimensional unsteady,three-dimensional steady or quasi-unsteady numerical simulation and theoretical analysis cannot provide the detailed flow information,which is unfavorable to improve the performance of positive displacement blower.Therefore,the unsteady flow characteristics in a three-lobe positive displacement blower are numerically investigated by solving the three-dimensional,unsteady,compressible Navier-Stokes equations coupled with RNG k-εturbulent model.In the numerical simulation,the dynamic mesh technique and overset mesh updating method are adopted.Due to the air being compressed in the process of the rotors rotating,the variation of the temperature field in the positive displacement blower is considered.By comparing the experimental measurements and the numerical results on the variation of flow rate with the outlet pressure,the maximum relative error of the flow rate is less than 2.15%even at the maximum outlet pressure condition,which means that the calculation model and numerical computational method used are effective.The numerical results show that in the intake region,the fluctuations of the inlet flow are greatly affected by the direction of the velocity vectors.In the exhaust region,the temperature changes significantly,which leads to the increase of the airflow pulsation.Through analysis on the velocity,pressure and temperature fields obtained from the numerical simulations,three-dimensional unsteady flow characteristics in the positive displacement blower are revealed.The studied results will provide useful reference for improving the performance and empirical correction in the design of the positive displacement blower.

目的 采用高频率超声影像技术方法观察急性心肌梗死大鼠心功能变化.方法 用冠状动脉结扎法建立心肌梗死大鼠模型,采用高频率超声影像系统测量左心室舒张末期前壁厚度(LVAWd)与后壁厚度( LVPWd)、舒张末期(LVIDd)和收缩末期左室内径(LVlDs),计算舒张末期和收缩末期左室容积(LVEDV,LVESV),射血分数(EF)、短轴缩短率(FS)、每搏输出量(SV).同时对梗死心肌组织进行定量检查,并检测血清中肌酸激酶(CK)、乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、丙二醛(MDA)等生化指标,进一步证实超声影像评价小动物心脏功能的可行性和准确性.结果 模型组与正常组、假手术组比较,LVIDs,LVESV,EF、FS、SV有显著性差异(P<0.01).心肌梗死面积有极显著性差异(P<0.01).模型组与正常组比较,CK、LDH值明显升高,有极显著性差异(P<0.01).MDA值明显升高,有极显著性差异(P<0.01).结论 高频率超声影像对大鼠心脏功能的评价有较高的准确性,可以作为大鼠心梗模型实验研究中可选择的无创性心功能评价技术之一.

近年来,中国能源运输通道问题日益显现,以马六甲海峡及南海等区域最为突出.为解决我国能源通道安全受到严重制约的困局,利用因次分析法,依据评价指标体系建立的各项基本原则,针对出现的不同情况分别对传统运输通道与新路线做简要对比分析.在保证国内石油安全充足供应,尽可能降低物流成本的前提下,提出较为有效合理的对策和建议,对我国能源安全运输具有现实意义.

目的 应用二维应变技术(2 DS)分析双腔起搏器置入前、后左室局部心肌的应变特点.方法 应用二维应变软件测量33例置入双腔起搏器患者术前、后的心尖四腔长轴左室壁各个节段的心肌纵向收缩期峰值应变(S)与应变率(SR).结果 与术前比较,双腔起搏器患者术后的后间隔中间段及心尖段、侧壁中间段及心尖段的心肌纵向收缩期峰值应变(S)与应变率(SR)均明显升高,差异均具有统计学意义(P均<0.05);其余左室壁节段置入双腔起搏器前、后的应变(S)与应变率(SR)差异均无统计学意义(P均>0.05).结论 置入双腔起搏器后,左室壁各节段心肌纵向运动的形变能力是不完全一致的.

目的 应用三维斑点追踪显像技术研究慢性心力衰竭患者(CHF)左室扭转的运动特征,探讨其临床价值.方法 CHF组患者30例,年龄匹配的健康志愿者(对照组)33例,采集标准的四腔心及两腔心切面,进行全容积图像存储,应用3D-trace软件进行脱机分析,软件自动分析计算左心室舒张末期容积(LVEDV),左室收缩末期容积(LVESV),左室射血分数(LVEF),左室基底段收缩期扭转角度峰值(BTW),中间段收缩期扭转角度峰值(MTW),心尖段收缩期扭转角度峰值(ATW),左室整体收缩期扭转角度峰值(LVTW).结果 CHF组LVEF,LVTW,MTW,ATW均较正常组减低,BTW、MTW、ATW、LVTW与LVEF之间有明显的相关性,相关系数分别为0.557,0.926,0.932,0.945.结论 CHF患者左心收缩功能明显降低.三维斑点追踪技术为评估左心室的扭转运动提供了全新的工具,该方法具有广阔的应用前景.