科创中国

河北省引黄输水工程是解决河北省水资源危机的有效措施.从1993年开始的引黄输水工程,为缓解河北省水资源紧张发挥了重要作用.通过对引黄输水水质监测结果分析,通过对8次引黄输水水质评价,在对所监测的项目中.有3次输水没有超标现象,有3次污染物的超标倍数小于或等于1,有2次超标倍数在1.2~2.8之间.从输水水质主要污染物分析,主要污染物为氨氮、挥发酚、总磷、总锰、总镉.根据对黄河水源水质资料分析,氮类污染和金属类污染主要受缓和黄河水源的影响,挥发酚、总磷污染主要受河道环境的污染.通过对引黄调水水质评价,受黄河水源和沿途河道的影响,引黄调水水质存在较大的不确定性.因此应加强对引黄调水水质的监测,为用水部门及时提供调水水质信息,以便制宰相席的用水方案.

衡水市水功能区一级功能区共涉及25个,二级功能区共涉及23个.为加强水功能区保护和管理,结合当地实际情况,共在10处重点水功能区常设12处水质监测断面.通过对多年监测数据分析,功能区受点源、面源污染以及上游下泄污水等因素影响,水质污染较重,达标率较低,2010年仅为20%.针对境内自产入河污染物,对照河流纳污能力,消减任务最重的是滏阳河衡水景观娱乐用水区段.降低污染,恢复水体功能任务艰巨,依据现有条件,可积极寻求开发污水再生利用、消减面源污染等途径,以实现水生态良性循环.

为进一步了解衡水市地表水质的时空变化规律,现从地表水化学特征、河流湖库现状水质、水质变化趋势等方面分析和评价了衡水市地表水资源质量状况,并对加强当地水资源保护工作,提出了措施与建议.衡水湖是国家级湿地自然保护区,对衡水市的持续发展有极其重要的作用,对此,本文重点对衡水湖的水质状况、综合污染情况等进行了分析研究.

结合南水北调天津干线工程建设管理具体工作实践,对南水北调中线天津干线施工控制体系构建、主要做法和成功经验进行了分析梳理总结,结果表明南水北调天津干线工程施工中的土方工程、混凝土工程,施工受季节影响以及施工工期受资源配置、施工方案的选择影响较大,在建设实施过程中通过合理安排施工,配置资源合理,优化施工方案,充分发挥整体钢模台车的整体优势,对加强工程实体质量控制等方面的实践是成功的,对进一步提高南水北调天津干线工程以及其它大型水利工程建设水平具有一定的借鉴意义.

介绍了变频调速技术的节能原理,阐述了基于PLC和变频器控制的恒压供水特点,完成了一台变频器控制四台水泵实现恒压供水的具体要求,设计了硬件控制回路和软件编程方法.实际运行证明,变频恒压供水系统控制简单、可靠性高、保护功能完善、节能效果明显.

通过对衡水市地下水水质监测资料分析,衡水市属于高氟水地区,特别是在东北部地区更为严重.根据衡水市浅层地下水中的氟含量状况,对其污染严重区域、饮水型地方病区域的具有代表性的监测井进行取样分析,探讨了造成这些地区氟化物超标的原因,并提出降氟改水方法,对高氟区饮水安全有一定的参考价值.

白洋淀湿地是中国重要湿地,也是众多列入国家保护鸟类的繁殖场所.由于受人类活动的影响,白洋淀湿地的人淀水量明显减少,而且水体水质也呈下降的趋势.通过对入淀水质控制监测站2009年-2011年水质进行评价,部分污染物有超标现象.在此基础上分析水生动植物对重金属污染物的富集作用,重金属微量级的污染,通过食物链传播,会逐级放大,最终对湿地生物多样性造成危害.研究和分析湿地生态系统生物富集的作用和危害,为湿地生物多样性保护提供科学依据.

通过衡水市10年来的水质实测资料进行水质综合评价分析、研究,采用线性趋势检验法,选择衡水市浅层地下水的水质状况,对其污染严重区域、饮水型地方病区域的具有代表性的监测井进行取样分析.从饮用水源区的浅层地下水和深层地下水两个方面的水质状况,进行调查、研究,按照饮用水卫生标准评价,主要超标物质为氟化物.利用实测资料,对地下水主要污染物变化趋势进行分析,从总体上讲,氟化物、溶解性总固体、总硬度含量有增大的趋势;氯离子有下降的趋势;并提出了一些对策.

The existing research of steering comfort mainly focuses on the subjective evaluation,aiming at designing and optimizing the steering system.In the development of steering system,especially the evaluation of steering comfort,the objective evaluation methods considered the kinematic characteristics of driver steering maneuver are not proposed,which means that the objective evaluation of steering cannot be conducted with the evaluation of kinematic characteristics of driver in steering maneuver.In order to propose the objective evaluation methods of steering comfort,the evaluation of steering movement quality of driver is developed on the basis of the study of the kinematic characteristics of steering maneuver.First,the steering motion trajectories of the driver in both comfortable and certain extreme uncomfortable operation conditions are detected using the Vicon motion capture system.The operation conditions are under the restrictions of the vertical height and horizontal distance between steering wheel center and the H-point of driver,and the steering resisting torque else.Next,the movement quality evaluation of driver steering maneuver is assessed using twelve kinds of evaluation indices based on the kinematic analyses of the steering motion trajectories to propose an objective evaluation method.Finally,an integrated discomfort index of steering maneuver is proposed on the basis of the regression analysis of subjective evaluation rating and the movement quality evaluation indices,including the Jerk,Discomfort and Joint Torque indices.The test results show that the proposed integrated discomfort index gives a good fitting with the subjective evaluation of discomfort,which means it can be used to evaluate or predict the discomfort level of steering maneuver.This paper proposes an objective evaluation method of steering comfort based on the movement quality evaluation of driver steering maneuver.

The large and complex structures are divided into hundreds of thousands or millions degrees of freedom(DOF) when they are calculated which will spend a lot of time and the efficiency will be extremely low. The classical component modal synthesis method(CMSM) are used extensively, but for many structures in the engineering of high-rise buildings, aerospace systemic engineerings, marine oil platforms etc, a large amount of calculation is still needed. An improved hybrid interface substructural component modal synthesis method(HISCMSM) is proposed. The parametric model of the mistuned blisk is built by the improved HISCMSM. The double coordinating conditions of the displacement and the force are introduced to ensure the computational accuracy. Compared with the overall structure finite element model method(FEMM), the computational time is shortened by 23.86%–31.56% and the modal deviation is 0.002%–0.157% which meets the requirement of the computational accuracy. It is faster 4.46%–10.57% than the classical HISCMSM. So the improved HISCMSM is better than the classical HISCMSM and the overall structure FEMM. Meanwhile, the frequency and the modal shape are researched, considering the factors including rotational speed, gas temperature and geometry size. The strong localization phenomenon of the modal shape's the maximum displacement and the maximum stress is observed in the second frequency band and it is the most sensitive in the frequency veering. But the localization phenomenon is relatively weak in 1st and the 3d frequency band. The localization of the modal shape is more serious under the condition of the geometric dimensioning mistuned. An improved HISCMSM is proposed, the computational efficiency of the mistuned blisk can be increased observably by this method.