科创中国

根据冀北士石山区永定河流域多年来水土保持综合治理的模式和经验,在介绍和总结水土保持生态修复实用技术的基础上,分析了该区域水土保持生态修复中存在的主要问题,结合区域水土保持治理情况,对永定河流域水土保持生态修复技术与研究提出建议.

石家庄市冶河灌区续建配套与节水改造工程项目自1998年立项以来,累计完成投资2.0亿元,改善了工程状况,提高用水效率,保障了区域粮食安全,促进了农业发展,拉动了地方经济.取得了良好的经济、社会和生态环境效益.随着国家对灌区投入的增加,冶河灌区将为夯实农业发展的水利基础方面做出更大贡献.

生态景观建设是南水北调东线江苏段工程重要组成部分.在建筑与环境景观设计的前期规划及组织实施过程中,均考虑建立合理有效的环境分区体系,同时也将工程的供水功能、生态功能以及环境效应有机结合.通过建筑与环境专项设计过程的实践,提出整体、综合设计的模式的设计思路,从而实现水与自然、水与社会和谐的目标.

Insect source-sink dynamics are vital to ecologically intensive pest management. Maintaining sink plant hosts,or "trap crops",and destroying alternate hosts or breeding places adjacent to the field crop are effective pest management strategies for some arthropods. However,determining whether a host acts as a source or a sink is challenging, especially when the pest species is highly mobile and polyphagous. The western tarnished plant bug,Lygus hesperus,is highly polyphagous,and can utilize >300 hosts. Its presence has been documented in 26 roadside weed hosts in the Texas High Plains.Previous studies demonstrated that L. hesperus prefer alfalfa over cotton and several alternate weed hosts.A four-year project involved surveying and sampling for L. hesperus in the agricultural landscapes of several sub-regions of the southwestern United States,including the Texas High Plains. In Texas,geographic information of the landscape vegetation complex was compiled from a 150 km radius in the Texas High Plains. In one study,fifty irrigated cotton fields representing the crop diversity within this region were sampled via sweep-net for 10 weeks. This effort also included sampling of up to six noncotton insect habitats within a 3 km radius of each field. Seasonal average L. hesperus abundance data were regressed with 27 field characteristics( variables),including habitat-specific land cover,distance between focal cotton fields and non-cotton habitats,longitude,latitude,elevation,habitat heterogeneity index,and several environmental / ecological variables. Significant variables were selected using a stepwise regression at 15% probability rate. A 10-parameter linear model explained 93% of the variation in the data. Major parameters contributing significantly to variation in L. hesperus abundance in cotton were corn and sunflower acreages,focal cotton field distances from several non-cotton hosts,and habitat heterogeneity index. In addition,field marking-and-capture studies were conducted using protein markers and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays to characterize L. hesperus intercrop movement behavior. The field marking-and-capture approach can be used to study the effects of various crop management practices on L. hesperus intercrop movement and can potentially be applied to other pests and cropping systems.

分析商务网站信息生态位的内涵,构造以能力维度、资源维度、关系维度、时间维度和空间维度为主的商务网站信息生态位5维模型,并设计出各生态位维度的指标体系,最后以此指标体系为基础设计出商务网站信息生态位的测度方法.

明确电子商务信息生态群的定义,认为电子商务系统由领导信息生态群、核心信息生态群和支持信息生态群构成,分析每个信息生态群的知识流程.电子商务知识管理对象是编码知识和个人知识,各知识流程中的核心环节是信息分析或经验提炼,分别对应于编码知识和个人知识.在知识流程分析基础上,提出信息生态视角下电子商务知识管理的技术框架.

日本高度重视水源地保护及水生态修复,在水资源管理体制、法律法规体系建设、水资源开发利用、水源地保护、水生态修复、水污染事故应急处理、水科学研究治理、宣贯教育及公众参与等多个方面取得了先进经验和良好的效果.提出了从日本积极推行的水资源"五保体系",即"社会保水、政策机制保水、科技保水、工程保水、管理保水"中得到借鉴,加强我国在"保水教育、立法保护、污水治理、生态建设、政府主导、全民参与"等方面进行水源地保护及水生态修复工作的建议.