科创中国

目的:研究口服玫瑰茄水提取物对大鼠肾Na+-K+-ATP酶和Ca2+- Mg2+-ATP酶活性的影响.方法:连续28 d分别给予实验大鼠口服25和50 mg/kg的玫瑰茄水提物,同时给予对照组大鼠灌胃适当剂量的蒸馏水.用光谱测定法分析大鼠肾脏中Na+-K+-ATP酶和Ca2+ -Mg2+-ATP酶的活性.结果:口服25和50 mg/kg的玫瑰茄提取物后,实验组大鼠肾Ca2+-Mg2+-ATP酶活性显著降低(P<0.05),然而肾Na+ -K+ -ATP酶的活性却未受到任何影响.实验组大鼠体质量、肾脏质量,血浆白蛋白和总蛋白浓度,碱性磷酸酶、天冬氨酸氨基转移酶、丙氨酸氨基转移酶活性以及血浆钠、钾、钙离子的浓度与对照组大鼠相比无明显变化;但大鼠的肌酐以及尿素水平均在服用50 mg/kg的玫瑰茄提取物后明显降低(P<0.05).结论:尽管口服玫瑰茄提取物会引起肾Ca2+-Mg2+-ATP酶活性的减弱,但同时可以起到保护肾脏功能的作用.

This paper shows that a turned trochoidal function disturbance may lead to peripheral drops production. The resulting model is used to describe that a turned trochoidal disturbance leads to peripheral drops production on the liquid jet surface without the necessity for superimposed disturbances. The trochoid is a non-unique parametric function. Only non-unique parametric functions disturbances may lead to peripheral drops production. The trochoidal function disturbance is decomposed to Fourier series. Every Fourier element receives an amplification factor in accordance to the Rayleigh inviscid jet model. Peripheral drops are received on the jet surface. The paper shows that all trochoidal disturbance functions, prolate cycloid, cycloid and curtate cycloid have a capability of peripheral drops producing. A limited capability of peripheral drops production is introduced for the trochoidal curtate cycloid. Produced drops size are reduced for increasing the jet velocity and wave number. Smaller drops are also received by transition from the prolate cycloid to curtate cycloid disturbance.

Strengthening and toughening mechanisms in composite ceramics is complex. A change in a single parameter induces multiple property variations. The multiple changes in properties are often incompletely represented in theoretical models. This incompleteness in the parameter chosen fails to explain the mechanism of failure in composite ceramics. The exponential toughness function is used to represent the pull-out toughening mechanism, which dominates the crack growth resistance curve(R-curve). The strengthening-toughening model is established based on the Mori-Tanaka method(M-T method). The influence of inherent defects on toughness function and strength is analyzed by using this model. The theoretical result is compared with the experiment data. This model exactly reflects the change in strength. The theoretical result indicates that defects change the toughness function. Moreover, micro-cracks increase toughness size ac, and the strength of crack instable extensions acutely decreases as defect content increases. This presented model establishes the relationship among the important mechanical parameters of defect, strength, elastic modulus, and the R-curve.

外质体( Exosomes)足起源于多泡体的微小囊泡,由细胞内吞途径中的多泡体外膜和细胞膜融合后释放到胞外环境或体液中.Exosomes含有多种蛋白、mRNAs、microRNAs、信号分子等,能够反映来源细胞的生物学状态,因而可能成为潜在的生物学标志物.目前,exosomes的研究大多集中在免疫学和肿瘤学,并已经成为一种免疫治疗的新手段,应用于肿瘤治疗和免疫耐受等方面.近年人们才关注exosomes与肾脏疾病的关系,研究表明几乎所有肾脏上皮细胞包括肾小球足细胞、肾小管上皮细胞、尿道上皮细胞均可分泌exosomes,因此尿液来源的exosomes可能成为寻找肾脏疾病早期诊断的标志物.本文着重从exosomes的生物学特性及其在肾脏疾病诊断和治疗的研究进行综述.

目的 探讨严格液体管理对重症肺部感染患者心肺保护作用及其可能的机制.方法 将157例重症肺部感染患者随机分为液体管理组和对照组,用脉搏指示连续心输出量监测(PiCCO)的方法检测血流动力学变化指标[心输出量(CO)、心指数(CI)、胸腔内血管容量( ITBVI)、血管外肺水(EVLWI)]并指导液体管理;实验前后测定患者血浆脑型利钠肽(BNP),评估液体管理对患者心功能的影响;测定纤支镜肺灌洗液中白细胞介素(IL)-6的浓度,以评估肺组织局部炎症情况,监测动脉血气分析;实验前后行胸部CT检查评价肺部病变恢复情况.结果 与对照组比较,液体管理组血浆脑型利钠肽、血流动力学指标( CO、CI、EVLWI)和肺组织局部IL-6水平均明显下降(P<0.05),动脉血气氧分压升高(P<0.05),肺泡-动脉氧分压差下降(P<0.05),肺部病变和肺功能明显改善.结论 积极液体管理可保护重症肺部感染患者的心肺功能,其原因可能与降低炎症反应及改善氧合有关.

目的:观察质子泵抑制剂( PPI)奥美拉唑对两种不同剂型的麦考酚酸(MPA)药代动力学的影响.方法:两组患者在肾移植术后分别给予不同剂型的MPA[吗替麦考酚酯片(MMF)和麦考酚钠肠溶片(EC-MPS)]抗排斥治疗,均联用环孢素A和激素,均在术后立即给予奥美拉唑预防治疗,持续至术后第7天停用,分别观察术后第3、7、10天MPA的血浆浓度、达峰时间、峰值,其中血浆MPA浓度采用高效液相色谱(HPLC)法测定,分别采集服药前及服药后0.5h、1h、1.5h、2h、3h、4h、6h、8h及12h全血标本,采用WinNonlin 5.2程序,按非房室模型进行药代动力学参数的计算每次MPA浓度的MPA-AUC012h值.比较奥美拉唑对MMF和EC-MPS的达峰时间、峰值浓度和MPA-AUC0.12h值的影响.结果:MMF组在肾移植术后第3、7、10天达峰时间分别为(1.50-±0.71)h、(2.50±1.04)h、(1.25±0.60)h,其中第7天较第3天达峰时间延后,第10天较第7天达峰时间明显提前(P<0.05),峰值浓度分别为(7.69±2.25)μg/ml、(8.95±5.60) μg/ml、(9.87±3.82)μg/ml(P >0.05),MPA-AUC0-12h分别为(38.98±14.63) mg·h/L、(34.59±12.04)mg·h/L、(32.47±10.81) mg·h/L(P >0.05);EC-MPS组在肾移植术后第3、7、10天达峰时间分别为(2.50±0.53)h、(2.56±0.62)、(2.63±0.74)h(P >0.05),峰值浓度分别为(11.56±9.59)μg/ml、( 12.64±8.49) μg/ml、(10.11±9.19)μg/ml (P >0.05),MPA-AUC0.12h分别为(22.76±15.52)mg·h/L、(25.31±10.37)mg·h/L、(16.68±14.77) mg·h/L(P >0.05).MPA-AUC012h两组间比较第3、7、10天P值分别为0.065、0.382、0.05;达峰时间两组间比较第3、7、10天P值分别0.01、0.721、0.002;峰值浓度两组间比较P值分别为0.878、0.328、0.505.结论:奥美拉唑能明显延长MMF达峰时间,可能降低MMF的峰值浓度;但对EC-MPS的药代动力学无影响.在肾移植术后应用MMF作为免疫抑制剂的患者术后应早期的检测MPA的浓度,及时调整MMF的剂量.

湿地自由水面巨大的水汽蒸发及其茂密植被的水汽蒸腾进入到大气中,然后又以雨的形式降到周围的地区,使得湿地和大气之间不断地进行着能量和物质交换,从而保持当地的湿度和降水量.该文根据衡水湖周边24个雨量站1974年-2009年的降水资料,分别计算出湖区、10km半径影响区、10-20km环形影响区、20~30km环形影响区的平均降水量,并按不同年代进行对比分析,揭示了衡水湖湿地对周边区域气候调节作用.

In working state, the dynamic performance of dry gas seal, generated by the rotating end face with spiral grooves, is determined by the open force of gas film and leakage flow rate. Generally, the open force and the leakage flow rate can be obtained by finite element method, computational fluid dynamics method and experimental measurement method. However, it will take much time to carry out the above measurements and calculations. In this paper, the approximate model of parallel grooves based on the narrow groove theory is used to establish the dynamic equations of the gas film for the purpose of obtaining the dynamic parameters of gas film. The nonlinear differential equations of gas film model are solved by Runge-Kutta method and shooting method. The numerical values of the pressure profiles, leakage flux and opening force on the seal surface are integrated, and then compared to experimental data for the reliability of the numerical simulation. The results show that the numerical simulation curves are in good agreement with experimental values. Furthermore, the opening force and the leakage flux are proved to be strongly correlated with the operating parameters. Then, the function-coupling method is introduced to analyze the numerical results to obtain the correlation formulae of the opening force and leakage flux respectively with the operating parameters, i.e., the inlet pressure and the rotating speed. This study intends to provide an effective way to predict the aerodynamic performance for designing and optimizing the groove styles in dry gas seal rapidly and accurately.

As a promising technique, surrogate-based design and optimization(SBDO) has been widely used in modern engineering design optimizations. Currently, static surrogate-based optimization methods have been successfully applied to expensive optimization problems. However, due to the low efficiency and poor flexibility, static surrogate-based optimization methods are difficult to efficiently solve practical engineering cases. At the aim of enhancing efficiency, a novel surrogate-based efficient optimization method is developed by using sequential radial basis function(SEO-SRBF). Moreover, augmented Lagrangian multiplier method is adopted to solve the problems involving expensive constraints. In order to study the performance of SEO-SRBF, several numerical benchmark functions and engineering problems are solved by SEO-SRBF and other well-known surrogate-based optimization methods including EGO, MPS, and IARSM. The optimal solutions, number of function evaluations, and algorithm execution time are recorded for comparison. The comparison results demonstrate that SEO-SRBF shows satisfactory performance in both optimization efficiency and global convergence capability. The CPU time required for running SEO-SRBF is dramatically less than that of other algorithms. In the torque arm optimization case using FEA simulation, SEO-SRBF further reduces 21% of the material volume compared with the solution from static-RBF subject to the stress constraint. This study provides the efficient strategy to solve expensive constrained optimization problems.

CAD model retrieval based on functional semantics is more significant than content-based 3D model retrieval during the mechanical conceptual design phase. However, relevant research is still not fully discussed. Therefore, a functional semantic-based CAD model annotation and retrieval method is proposed to support mechanical conceptual design and design reuse, inspire designer creativity through existing CAD models, shorten design cycle, and reduce costs. Firstly, the CAD model functional semantic ontology is constructed to formally represent the functional semantics of CAD models and describe the mechanical conceptual design space comprehensively and consistently. Secondly, an approach to represent CAD models as attributed adjacency graphs(AAG) is proposed. In this method, the geometry and topology data are extracted from STEP models. On the basis of AAG, the functional semantics of CAD models are annotated semi-automatically by matching CAD models that contain the partial features of which functional semantics have been annotated manually, thereby constructing CAD Model Repository that supports model retrieval based on functional semantics. Thirdly, a CAD model retrieval algorithm that supports multi-function extended retrieval is proposed to explore more potential creative design knowledge in the semantic level. Finally, a prototype system, called Functional Semantic-based CAD Model Annotation and Retrieval System(FSMARS), is implemented. A case demonstrates that FSMARS can successfully botain multiple potential CAD models that conform to the desired function. The proposed research addresses actual needs and presents a new way to acquire CAD models in the mechanical conceptual design phase.