科创中国

分析了郑州商城遗址出土的一批距今约3 500 a,时代为商代早期的陶质板瓦,讨论了这些板瓦的制作工艺和性能.对板瓦尺寸的测量表明,虽然板瓦的大小差异很大,其弦长和弧长却呈正相关.结合板瓦的外部特征,推断这些板瓦先由泥条盘筑法筑成泥圈,并经慢轮修整制成圆筒状坯体,然后经切割而成瓦坯,最后入窑焙烧而成.吸水率、抗折强度和烧成温度的分析表明,这些板瓦具有良好的工艺性能,完全符合一般意义上瓦的标准,表明我国在商代早期已经可以制作工艺性能较好的建筑用瓦.

Nondestructive techniques for appraising gas metal arc welding(GMAW) faults plays a very important role in on-line quality controllability and prediction of the GMAW process. On-line welding quality controllability and prediction have several disadvantages such as high cost, low efficiency, complication and greatly being affected by the environment. An enhanced, efficient evaluation technique for evaluating welding faults based on Mahalanobis distance(MD) and normal distribution is presented. In addition, a new piece of equipment, designated the weld quality tester(WQT), is developed based on the proposed evaluation technique. MD is superior to other multidimensional distances such as Euclidean distance because the covariance matrix used for calculating MD takes into account correlations in the data and scaling. The values of MD obtained from welding current and arc voltage are assumed to follow a normal distribution. The normal distribution has two parameters: the mean ? and standard deviation of the data. In the proposed evaluation technique used by the WQT, values of MD located in the range from zero to ?+3? are regarded as "good". Two experiments which involve changing the flow of shielding gas and smearing paint on the surface of the substrate are conducted in order to verify the sensitivity of the proposed evaluation technique and the feasibility of using WQT. The experimental results demonstrate the usefulness of the WQT for evaluating welding quality. The proposed technique can be applied to implement the on-line welding quality controllability and prediction, which is of great importance to design some novel equipment for weld quality detection.

To improve the performance of the positive displacement blower,it is imperative to understand the detailed internal flow characteristics or enable a visualization of flow status.However,the existing two-dimensional unsteady,three-dimensional steady or quasi-unsteady numerical simulation and theoretical analysis cannot provide the detailed flow information,which is unfavorable to improve the performance of positive displacement blower.Therefore,the unsteady flow characteristics in a three-lobe positive displacement blower are numerically investigated by solving the three-dimensional,unsteady,compressible Navier-Stokes equations coupled with RNG k-εturbulent model.In the numerical simulation,the dynamic mesh technique and overset mesh updating method are adopted.Due to the air being compressed in the process of the rotors rotating,the variation of the temperature field in the positive displacement blower is considered.By comparing the experimental measurements and the numerical results on the variation of flow rate with the outlet pressure,the maximum relative error of the flow rate is less than 2.15%even at the maximum outlet pressure condition,which means that the calculation model and numerical computational method used are effective.The numerical results show that in the intake region,the fluctuations of the inlet flow are greatly affected by the direction of the velocity vectors.In the exhaust region,the temperature changes significantly,which leads to the increase of the airflow pulsation.Through analysis on the velocity,pressure and temperature fields obtained from the numerical simulations,three-dimensional unsteady flow characteristics in the positive displacement blower are revealed.The studied results will provide useful reference for improving the performance and empirical correction in the design of the positive displacement blower.

目的 探讨实习护生专业承诺在心理健康与择业效能感间的中介效应.方法 采用大学生职业决策自我技能感量表、症状自评量表、大学生专业承诺调查问卷对175名临床实习护生进行问卷调查.结果 实习护生择业效能感总分为(132.63±2.44)分;其心理健康、专业承诺、择业效能感两两之间存在相关性(P<0.0l);专业承诺在心理健康与择业效能感间的中介效应显著,且中介效应占总效应的45.43%.结论 护理教育者通过提高实习护生的心理健康和专业承诺水平,将有利于实习护生择业效能感的提高,从而实现成功就业.