科创中国

采用高温固相反应法制备了Sr3-x-yAl2O6:xCe3+,yEu2+(x=0,y=0;x=0.04,y=0;x=0.04,y=0.02;x=0.04,y=0.04;x=0.04,y=0.06;x=0.04,y=0.08;x=0,y=0.04)荧光粉,研究其相组成与荧光特性,结果表明,样品具有单相Sr3Al2O6晶体结构.在360nm波长的紫外光激发下,Ce3+离子辐射出峰值在434nm附近的宽谱蓝光.通过能量传递作用,Eu2+离子辐射峰值为517nm左右的宽谱绿光.Ce3+和Eu2+的荧光组合获得了色坐标为(0.2611,0.3313)的近白光发射.样品的激发光谱分布在250~400nm的波长范围,这种荧光粉有望在紫外或近紫外激发的白光LED中获得应用.

为了计算二极管抽运Nd∶ YAG晶体温度场及热形变场,建立了端面绝热、周边恒温的晶体热模型.基于Nd∶ YAG晶体导热系数及热形变系数与其温度的函数关系,应用Newton切线法对热传导方程进行求解,得到了变导热系数和变热形变系数矩形截面Nd∶YAG晶体端面抽运下的温度场和热形变场的一般表达式,同时计算了Nd∶ YAG晶体在不同抽运功率和抽运光斑半径下内部温度场和热形变场的分布变化.结果表明,使用钕离子质量分数为0.01、尺寸为3mm*3mm*8mm的Nd∶ YAG晶体,在功率为60W、光斑半径为450μm的抽运光照射下,变导热系数的Nd∶ YAG晶体端面最大温升为55.7℃,最大热形变量为2.85μm,而按传统将Nd∶ YAG晶体导热系数、热形变系数均视为定值时,晶体端面最大温升为43.4℃,端面最大热形变为2.84μm.

Hydrostatic mechanical face seals for reactor coolant pumps are very important for the safety and reliability of pressurized-water reactor power plants.More accurate models on the operating mechanism of the seals are needed to help improve their performance.The thermal fluid–solid interaction(TFSI)mechanism of the hydrostatic seal is investigated in this study.Numerical models of the flow field and seal assembly are developed.Based on the mechanism for the continuity condition of the physical quantities at the fluid–solid interface,an on-line numerical TFSI model for the hydrostatic mechanical seal is proposed using an iterative coupling method.Dynamic mesh technology is adopted to adapt to the changing boundary shape.Experiments were performed on a test rig using a full-size test seal to obtain the leakage rate as a function of the differential pressure.The effectiveness and accuracy of the TFSI model were verified by comparing the simulation results and experimental data.Using the TFSI model,the behavior of the seal is presented,including mechanical and thermal deformation,and the temperature field.The influences of the rotating speed and differential pressure of the sealing device on the temperature field,which occur widely in the actual use of the seal,are studied.This research proposes an on-line and assembly-based TFSI model for hydrostatic mechanical face seals,and the model is validated by full-sized experiments.

Objective To detect the cell viability and the expressions of stem cell surface markers after chemotherapeutic drug treatment.Methods We observed the cytotoxic effects of three chemotherapeutic agents[epirubicin(Epi),fluorouracil(5-FU)and cyclophosphamide(Cyc)]in three cell lines,and the cell viabilities after removed these chemotherapeutic agents.Expressions of stem cell surface markers CD44,CD24,CD90,CD14 and aldehyde dehydrogenase1(ALDH1)in breast cancer cells were analyzed by real-time PCR.The post hoc analysis(Tukey's tests)in conjunction with one-way ANOVA was used for statistical analysis.Results The initial cytotoxic efficacy was most notable.After the treatment of the same therapeutic agents,cell viability was decreased by 64.8%35.14%,32.25%in BT-483 cells,66.4%,22.94%and 45.88%in MDA-MB-231 cells,97.1%,99.5%and 76.4%in MCF cells.The difference was significant compared with that before treatment(P=0.000).However,the inhibitory effects were diminished after chemotherapeutic agent withdrawal.Cell viabilities were increased to 167.9%,212.04%and 188.66%in MDA-MB-231 cells at48 h after withdrawal.At 72 h after withdrawal,cell viability was increased with a significant difference in three cell lines(all P values=0.000).Expressions of CD44 and ALDH1 were most prevalent for MDA-MB-231,BT-483 and MCF-7 cells.ALDH1 mRNA level was significant higher in BT-483(HER-2 overexpression cell line)than MDA-MB-231(triple negative cell line)(P=0.012).CD14 mRNA level in MCF-7 cells were significantly lower than that in MDA-MB-231 and BT-483(P=0.003,0.001).BT-483 showed significantly higher level of CD44 than MDA-MB-231 and MCF-7 cell line(P=0.013,0.020),and no significant difference was detected between MDA-MB-231 and MCF-7 breast cancer cells(P=0.955).CD90 mRNA expressions were detected in MDA-MB-231 cells and MCF-7 cells,but not in BT-483 cells.Conclusion Some malignant cells could survive in vitro and begin to proliferate again between cycles of chemotherapy.

The transient behavior of centrifugal pumps during transient operating periods,such as startup and stopping,has drawn more and more attention recently because of urgent needs in engineering.Up to now,almost all the existing studies on this behavior are limited to using water as working fluid.The study on the transient behavior related to solid-liquid two-phase flow has not been seen yet.In order to explore the transient characteristics of a high specific-speed centrifugal pump during startup period delivering the pure water and solid-liquid two-phase flow,the transient flows inside the pump are numerically simulated using the dynamic mesh method.The variable rotational speed and flow rate with time obtained from experiment are best fitted as the function of time,and are written into computational fluid dynamics(CFD)code-FLUENT by using a user defined function.The predicted heads are compared with experimental results when pumping pure water.The results show that the difference in the transient performance during startup period is very obvious between water and solid-liquid two-phase flow during the later stage of startup process.Moreover,the time for the solid-liquid two-phase flow to achieve a stable condition is longer than that for water.The solid-liquid two-phase flow results in a higher impeller shaft power,a larger dynamic reaction force,a more violent fluctuation in pressure and a reduced stable pressure rise comparing with water.The research may be useful to understanding on the transient behavior of a centrifugal pump under a solid-liquid two-phase flow during startup period.

利用同步辐射X射线荧光法(Synchrotron radiation X-ray fluorescence,SR-XRF)、离子色谱(Ion Chromatography,IC)、扫描电镜及其能谱分析(Scanning electron microscopy and X-ray energy dispersive microanalysis,SEM-EDX)、同步辐射微束X射线荧光法(Synchrotron radiation micro-beam X-ray fluorescence,μ-XRF)等手段研究上海某垃圾焚烧厂生活垃圾焚烧产物飞灰(Fly ash,FA)、炉渣(Bottom ash,BA)的元素浓度、离子组成、微观形貌、元素面分布,采用电感耦合等离子体质谱(Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry,ICP-MS)和X射线吸收精细结构谱(X-ray absorption near-edge structure,XANES)研究灰渣中Pb的同位素比值和化学种态.研究发现,飞灰中多数金属元素浓度高于炉渣中的,Pb、Cd明显富集于飞灰中,元素的富集因子显示Pb、Cd、Cu、Zn等呈极度污染状态.灰渣中水溶性成分主要为Ca、Na、K的氯化盐和硫酸盐,飞灰中离子浓度普遍高于炉渣中的.飞灰颗粒相对于炉渣颗粒粒径小、表面粗糙,更易于重金属的吸附.灰渣颗粒物的元素Pb、Zn、Cu、Cr、Fe、Mn等并不是均匀分布的,而是呈现局部明显富集.飞灰和炉渣Pb的来源相似,化学种态相似,主要为PbCl2、PbS和PbO.生活垃圾在焚烧过程中元素的迁移分布与元素本身的特性、焚烧环境相关,上海地区生活垃圾焚烧飞灰是危险废弃物,需稳定化处理后才能填埋,炉渣的资源化利用必需经过预处理.

本文对生物反应工程教学中存在的问题进行了探讨,介绍了以STATISTICA作为教学辅助手段应用于生物反应工程教学.通过运用STATISTICA解决教学中遇到的计算问题,学生的学习时间得到了节约,实际应用能力也得到了提高.5年的教学实践证明,STATISTICA作为生物反应工程的教学辅助手段是可行的、有效的,可以极大地提升教学效果,提高学生分析实验数据的能力.

故城县是严重的资源型缺水地区,没有可用的地表水资源,地下水资源含氟量超标,农村居民生活用水存在不安全因素.针对故城县水资源及供水现状,分析了农村饮水安全存在的问题、影响因素及分布特征,提出只有通过引黄、南水北调等外流域调水,才是解决当地饮水安全的最佳途径.

利用黄壁庄水库水质监测资料,对水体水体富营养化变化情况,属于轻度富营养或中度富营养程度.并对水体叶绿素与水温、总磷、总氮的相关关系进行分析,结果表明:温度和总磷在时间上变化一致;而总氮变化呈抛物线状,最低点在总氮含量2.5mg/L附近.最后提出黄壁庄水库水体富营养化的预防和治理措施.

将金精矿粉样品直接置于石英舟中,在高纯氧气氛中燃烧,释放出汞,与齐化管中的金形成金汞齐,于900℃热释放出汞蒸汽,用直接测汞仪法测定汞的含量.测定结果的相对标准偏差为0.28%~1.57%(n=6),方法检出限为1.0pg/kg,加标回收率为95.7%~117.4%.用该法对4种土壤标准样品进行了测定,测定结果与标准值相符.该方法适合于金精矿粉中微量汞的测定.