科创中国

为进一步了解衡水市地表水质的时空变化规律,现从地表水化学特征、河流湖库现状水质、水质变化趋势等方面分析和评价了衡水市地表水资源质量状况,并对加强当地水资源保护工作,提出了措施与建议.衡水湖是国家级湿地自然保护区,对衡水市的持续发展有极其重要的作用,对此,本文重点对衡水湖的水质状况、综合污染情况等进行了分析研究.

In precision machining of complex curved surface parts with high performance, geometry accuracy is not the only constraint, but the performance should also be met. Performance of this kind of parts is closely related to the geometrical and physical parameters, so the final actual size and shape are affected by multiple source constraints, such as geometry, physics, and performance. These parts are rather difficult to be manufactured and new manufacturing method according to performance requirement is urgently needed. Based on performance and manufacturing requirements for complex curved surface parts, a new classification method is proposed, which divided the complex curved surface parts into two categories: surface re-design complex curved surface parts with multi-source constraints(PRCS) and surface unique complex curved surface parts with pure geometric constraints(PUCS). A correlation model is constructed between the performance and multi-source constraints for PRCS, which reveals the correlation between the performance and multi-source constraints. A re-design method is also developed. Through solving the correlation model of the typical part's performance-associated surface, the mapping relation between the performance-associated surface and the related removal amount is obtained. The explicit correlation model and the method for the corresponding related removal amount of the performance-associated surface are built based on the classification of surface re-design complex curved surface parts with multi-source constraints. Research results have been used in the actual processing of the typical parts such as radome, common bottom components, nozzle, et al., which shows improved efficiency and accuracy of the precision machining for the surface re-design parts with complex curved surface.

As the two most important indexes of bearing raceway,surface roughness and roundness have significant influence on bearing noise.Some researchers have carried out studies in this field,however,reason and extent of the influence of raceway surface geometric characteristics on bearing running noise are not perfectly clear up to now.In this paper,the raceway of 6309 type bearing's inner and outer ring is machined by floating abrasive polishing adopting soft abrasive pad.Surface roughness parameters,arithmetical mean deviation of the profile Ra,the point height of irregularities Rz,maximum height of the profile Rmax and roundness f of raceways,are measured before and after machining,and the change rules of the measured results are studied.The study results show that the floating abrasive polishing can reduce the surface geometric errors of bearing raceway evidently.The roundness error is reduced by 25%,Rmax value is reduced by 35.5%,Rz value is reduced by 22%and Ra value is reduced by 5%.By analyzing the change of the geometrical parameters and the shape difference of the raceway before and after machining,it is found that the floating abrasive polishing method can affect the roundness error mainly by modifying the local deviation of the raceway's surface profile.Bearings with different raceway surface geometrical parameter value are assembled and the running noise is tested.The test results show that Ra has a little,Rmax and Rz have a measurable,and the roundness error has a significant influence on the running noise.From the viewpoint of controlling bearings'running noise,raceway roundness error should be strictly controlled,and for the surface roughness parameters,Rmax and Rz should be mainly controlled.This paper proposes an effective method to obtain the low noise bearing by machining the raceway with floating abrasive polishing after super finishing.

为了了解和掌握承德市水化学特征,采用统计学分析方法、阿廖金分类法和舒卡列夫分类法对承德市地表水、浅层地下水水化学特征进行了分析.结果表明,承德市地表水中的矿化度、总硬度、Ca^2+、HCO3^-和浅层地下水中的HC03一这些指标的变异系数小于30%,离散程度小,含量比较稳定,地表水中HCO3^-和浅层地下水中的Cl^-、SO4^2-、CO3^2-这些指标变异系数大于90%,离散程度大,稳定性较差;地表水的总硬度及矿化度随地理分布存在定的规律,从西北到南部,总硬度和矿化度的值由低到高分布;承德市地表水和浅层地下水的主要阴阳离子构成基本一致,阳离子以Ca^2+、Mg2+为主,阴离子以HC03一为主.分析原因,沿河打井取水,是承德山区取用浅层地下水的主要方式,地表水是浅层地下水的主要补给来源,两者之间没有一个明显的界限.

黄骅市地处河北省东部平原,地表水资源利用能力低,浅层地下水水质差,长期依赖于开采深层地下水,造成地下水环境的破坏.通过准确把握黄骅市水资源特点,合理利用地表水,最大限度利用外来水,控制利用当地地下水,保证经济社会的可持续发展.

河北省引黄输水工程是解决河北省水资源危机的有效措施.从1993年开始的引黄输水工程,为缓解河北省水资源紧张发挥了重要作用.通过对引黄输水水质监测结果分析,通过对8次引黄输水水质评价,在对所监测的项目中.有3次输水没有超标现象,有3次污染物的超标倍数小于或等于1,有2次超标倍数在1.2~2.8之间.从输水水质主要污染物分析,主要污染物为氨氮、挥发酚、总磷、总锰、总镉.根据对黄河水源水质资料分析,氮类污染和金属类污染主要受缓和黄河水源的影响,挥发酚、总磷污染主要受河道环境的污染.通过对引黄调水水质评价,受黄河水源和沿途河道的影响,引黄调水水质存在较大的不确定性.因此应加强对引黄调水水质的监测,为用水部门及时提供调水水质信息,以便制宰相席的用水方案.

During hard cutting process there is severe thermodynamic coupling effect between cutting tool and workpiece, which causes quenching effect on finished surfaces under certain conditions. However, material phase transformation mechanism of heat treatment in cutting process is different from the one in traditional process, which leads to changes of the formation mechanism of damaged layer on machined workpiece surface. This paper researches on the generation mechanism of damaged layer on machined surface in the process of PCBN tool hard cutting hardened steel Cr12 Mo V. Rules of temperature change on machined surface and subsurface are got by means of finite element simulation. In phase transformation temperature experiments rapid transformation instrument is employed, and the effect of quenching under cutting conditions on generation of damaged layer is revealed. Based on that, the phase transformation points of temperature under cutting conditions are determined. By experiment, the effects of cutting speed and tool wear on white layer thickness in damaged layer are revealed. The temperature distribution law of third deformation zone is got by establishing the numerical prediction model, and thickness of white layer in damaged layer is predicted, taking the tool wear effect into consideration. The experimental results show that the model prediction is accurate, and the establishment of prediction model provides a reference for wise selection of parameters in precise hard cutting process. For the machining process with high demanding on surface integrity, the generation of damaged layer on machined surface can be controlled precisely by using the prediction model.

近年来178Hfm2 31年的同核异能态被认为是用低能X射线触发使其释放储存能量的最合适候选者.为了探讨在178Hf中是否存在触发Kπ=16+同核异能态γ发射的门态,本工作首先用投影壳模型对178Hf的多准粒子态和集体激发态进行了研究,结果表明其它态位于距离16+同核异能态较远的地方.但当用包括γ自由度的组态限制(绝热阻塞)方法计算178Hf的多准粒子激发态时,结果显示有三个能级可能是16+同核异能态光退激的候选者,位能面计算的结果显示178Hf为轴对称硬核.

水平衡测试是加强用水科学管理,最大限度地节约用水与合理用水的一项基础工作.解释了水平衡测试的定义及开展测试工作的依据,分析了水平衡测试参数之间关系,介绍了水平衡测试的方法,结合承德市中心医院水平衡测试实例,分析其用水现状,为制定用水定额和计划用水量指标,提供了较准确的基础数据,为今后节约用水提出了合理化的建议.

日本高度重视水源地保护及水生态修复,在水资源管理体制、法律法规体系建设、水资源开发利用、水源地保护、水生态修复、水污染事故应急处理、水科学研究治理、宣贯教育及公众参与等多个方面取得了先进经验和良好的效果.提出了从日本积极推行的水资源"五保体系",即"社会保水、政策机制保水、科技保水、工程保水、管理保水"中得到借鉴,加强我国在"保水教育、立法保护、污水治理、生态建设、政府主导、全民参与"等方面进行水源地保护及水生态修复工作的建议.