科创中国

通过水泥土室内试验,研究了水泥的掺入量对土的最优含水率及最大干密度的影响,以及对水泥土无侧限抗压强度的影响.结果表明,水泥掺入量不同的水泥土的最优含水率和最大干密度相差不大,水泥土的强度随着水泥掺入量增加而增大.

Strengthening and toughening mechanisms in composite ceramics is complex. A change in a single parameter induces multiple property variations. The multiple changes in properties are often incompletely represented in theoretical models. This incompleteness in the parameter chosen fails to explain the mechanism of failure in composite ceramics. The exponential toughness function is used to represent the pull-out toughening mechanism, which dominates the crack growth resistance curve(R-curve). The strengthening-toughening model is established based on the Mori-Tanaka method(M-T method). The influence of inherent defects on toughness function and strength is analyzed by using this model. The theoretical result is compared with the experiment data. This model exactly reflects the change in strength. The theoretical result indicates that defects change the toughness function. Moreover, micro-cracks increase toughness size ac, and the strength of crack instable extensions acutely decreases as defect content increases. This presented model establishes the relationship among the important mechanical parameters of defect, strength, elastic modulus, and the R-curve.

The porcelain fracture caused by low metal-ceramic bond strength is a critical issue in porcelain fused to metal(PFM)restorations.Surface roughening methods,such as sand blasting,acid etching and alkaline degreasing for the metal matrix are used to increase bond strength.However,the metal matrix of PFM processed by selective laser melting(SLM)has natural rough surface.To explore the effect of the original roughness on metal-ceramic bond strength,two groups of specimen are fabricated by SLM.One group of specimen surface is polished smooth while another group remains the original rough surface.The dental porcelain is fused to the specimens'surfaces according to the ISO 9693:1999 standard.To gain the bond strength,a three-point bending test is carried out and X ray energy spectrum analysis(EDS),scanning electron microscope(SEM)are used to show fracture mode.The results show that the mean bond strength is 116.5±16 MPa of the group with rough surface(Ra=17.2),and the fracture mode is cohesive.However,when the surface is smooth(Ra=3.8),the mean bond strength is 74.5 MPa 5 MPa and the fracture mode is mixed.The original surface with prominent structures formed by the partly melted powder particles,not only increases surface roughness but also significantly improves the bond strength by forming strong mechanical lock effect.Statistical analysis(Student's t-test)demonstrates a significant difference(p<0.05)of the mean value of bond strength between the two groups.The experiments indicate the natural rough surface can enhance the metal-ceramic bond strength to over four times the minimum value(25 MPa)of the ISO 9693:1999 standard.It is found that the natural rough surface of SLM-made PFM can eliminate the porcelain collapse defect produced by traditional casting method in PFM restorations.

钻芯法作为结构混凝土抗压强度现场检测方法,在建筑、水利、水运(港口)、公路等建设领域应用广泛,各相关规程对芯样试件抗压强度试验前的养护条件差异较大.试验研究结果表明,不同直径、不同强度等级的芯样经泡水至饱和时,抗压强度相对于自然干燥时均有所降低,直径较小、本身强度等级较低的芯样混凝土降低更多.因此,要正确理解被检工程,运用好钻芯法检测技术规程,才能准确把握工程的结构混凝土强度.

采用手工搅拌、高速研磨搅拌以及高速研磨搅拌加超声波震荡这3种方法对纳米SiO2进行分散处理,研究了不同处理方式下纳米SiO2对水泥浆体性能的影响.用扫描电镜(SEM)观测了浆体微观结构,并采用紫外-可见分光光度法测定了在不同分散方法下纳米SiO2的分散程度.结果表明,采用后2种方法处理的纳米SiO2分散程度更高,可大幅提高水泥砂浆的抗压、抗折强度,使砂浆水化产物结构均匀,更密实.