科创中国

在CFD离散误差和不确定度估计问题中,为研究计算得到的观测精度对仿真计算结果的影响,消除GCI离散不确定度估计法中当观测精度大于格式精度时出现的不合理的小不确定度,提出了1种改进的CFD离散不确定度估计方法,即用加权平均的数值解代替细网格数值解来估计离散误差及不确定度.针对低雷诺数二维非轴对称圆柱绕流模型进行数值计算,划分5套网格,用二阶迎风格式计算圆柱绕流的阻力系数和升力系数,分别给出了GCI和改进方法的离散不确定度估计结果,并与文献参考值进行比较,结果表明改进的方法对离散不确定估计要优于GCI方法,且置信度更高.

传统通风方式主要致力于室内均匀温度环境的保障,而个性化通风仅能高效实现N个个性送风口对N个位置的保障,本文针对室内大于N个位置的温度保障问题进行了研究,建立了多位置温度同时保障的送风温度确定方法,该方法能够在各位置温度设定之后,一次性反求出各送风温度值.利用提出方法对4个独立送风口送风的房间内能否实现大于4个位置的温度同时保障进行了数值分析,结果表明:在充分利用室内温度非均匀分布规律的情况下,有可能仅通过N(4)个独立送风口保障大于N(5~10)个位置的不同温度需求,而且能够在不同的位置之间营造出较大的温度差距.本文提出的送风温度确定方法,将为室内非均匀环境的保障和在线控制奠定一定的理论基础.

Direct drive servovalves are mostly restricted to low flow rate and low bandwidth applications due to the considerable flow forces.Current studies mainly focus on enhancing the driving force,which in turn is limited to the development of the magnetic material.Aiming at reducing the flow forces,a novel rotary direct drive servovalve(RDDV)is introduced in this paper.This RDDV servovalve is designed in a rotating structure and its axially symmetric spool rotates within a certain angle range in the valve chamber.The servovalve orifices are formed by the matching between the square wave shaped land on the spool and the rectangular ports on the sleeve.In order to study the RDDV servovalve performance,flow rate model and mechanical model are established,wherein flow rates and flow induced torques at different spool rotation angles or spool radiuses are obtained.The model analysis shows that the driving torque can be alleviated due to the proposed valve structure.Computational fluid dynamics(CFD)analysis using ANSYS/FLUENT is applied to evaluate and validate the theoretical analysis.In addition,experiments on the flow rate and the mechanical characteristic of the RDDV servovalve are carried out.Both simulation and experimental results conform to the results of the theoretical model analysis,which proves that this novel and innovative structure for direct drive servovalves can reduce the flow force on the spool and improve valve frequency response characteristics.This research proposes a novel rotary direct drive servovalve,which can reduce the flow forces effectively.

基于三维多相流动理论和计算流体动力学(CFD),采用滑动网格理论与两相流中的混合模型,对调速型液力偶合器的气液两相流动进行数值计算,得到充液率分别为50%、90%下的流场分布.针对计算结果对各工作流道的流场特性及生成原因进行分析.选取具有一定代表性的压力面、吸力面、交界面以及偶合器内部两相流动进行分析.液力偶合器内部流场的分析和研究有助于更加详尽地了解其内部流动的真实情况,同时流场数值解为偶合器的设计方法提供依据.

通过对黄梅戏大剧院的空调设计的介绍,对座椅送风的计算方法进行了探讨,针对剧场建筑,在置换通风及下送风的基础理论上,对室内负荷的分配和气流组织进行了研究,提出了计算方法,并总结了一些剧场空调通风设计需要注意的问题.

DC-inverter split air-conditioner is widely used in Chinese homes as a result of its high-efficiency and energy-saving. Recently, the researches on its outdoor unit have focused on the influence of surrounding structures upon the aerodynamic and acoustic performance, however they are only limited to the influence of a few parameters on the performance, and practical design of the unit requires more detailed parametric analysis. Three-dimensional computational fluid dynamics(CFD) and computational aerodynamic acoustics(CAA) simulation based on FLUENT solver is used to study the influence of surrounding structures upon the aforementioned properties of the unit. The flow rate and sound pressure level are predicted for different rotating speed, and agree well with the experimental results. The parametric influence of three main surrounding structures(i.e. the heat sink, the bell-mouth type shroud and the outlet grille) upon the aerodynamic performance of the unit is analyzed thoroughly. The results demonstrate that the tip vortex plays a major role in the flow fields near the blade tip and has a great effect on the flow field of the unit. The inlet ring's size and throat's depth of the bell-mouth type shroud, and the through-flow area and configuration of upwind and downwind sections of the outlet grille are the most important factors that affect the aerodynamic performance of the unit. Furthermore, two improved schemes against the existing prototype of the unit are developed, which both can significantly increase the flow rate more than 6 %(i.e. 100 m3·h-1) at given rotating speeds. The inevitable increase of flow noise level when flow rate is increased and the advantage of keeping a lower rotating speed are also discussed. The presented work could be a useful guideline in designing the aerodynamic and acoustic performance of the split air-conditioner in engineering practice.

传统的二代压水反应堆主要是采取鼓风机鼓风的方式对控制棒驱动机构(Control Rod Drive Mechanism,CRDM)进行强制通风冷却,该冷却方式耗能较大且无法保证绝对安全可靠.本文针对于大亚湾核电站中CRDM群的布置方式,采用中广核新型的EMC-B型控制棒驱动机构的结构及材料物性参数,运用了计算流体力学(Computational Fluid Dynamics,CFD)分析方法,研究了当采用空气自然循环冷却方式时,CRDM群及各线圈的温度分布,探索对CRDM群采用空气自然循环冷却方式的可行性.模拟分析结果表明:总体来看,处于外围和中心位置处的CRDM的线圈温度,要比中间区域的CRDM线圈温度高;对于给定计算工况,各线圈的最高温度为198°C,低于限制温度(200°C),表明对于所研究的CRDM群,依靠空气的自然对流,可以对CRDM进行有效冷却.计算结果可为新型CRDM群分布设计提供参考.

利用计算流体力学(CFD)方法建立了一个耦合低温水气变换反应的多孔介质二维拟均相反应器模型.采用FLUENT缺省的单温度模型进行模拟,无法得到气固相两相的温度,而且温度场与实际不符.通过用户自定义标量(UDS)添加固相能量方程,将多孔介质的单温度模型修正为气固相耦合传热两温度模型,以源项的形式添加化学反应,将化学反应热添加到气固相能量方程.湍流模型采用Spalart.Allmaras方程,动力学模型采用Langmuir-Hinshelwood方程,催化剂的性质及操作条件以Wei.HsinChen等的实验为基础.采用有限体积法对模型进行非稳态模拟,对反应器内组分浓度、速度场及温度进行了可视化分析.最后列出了非稳态两温度模型在3个时间点的轴向温度曲线,并且与FLUENT缺省的单温度模型进行了对比,两温度模型的结果与实际更相符.