科创中国

设计一种基于Howland电流源电路的精密压控电流源,论述了该精密压控电流源的原理.该电路以V/I转换电路作为核心,Howland电流源做为误差补偿电路,进一步提高了电流源的精度,使绝对误差仿真值达到nA级,实际电路测量值绝对误差达到μA级,得到高精度的压控电流源.仿真和实验测试均证明该方案是可行的.

The remanufacturing blanks with cracks were considered as irreparable. With utilization of detour effect and Joule heating of pulsed current, a technique to arrest the crack in martensitic stainless steel FV520B is developed. According to finite element theory, the finite element(FE) model of the cracked rectangular specimen is established firstly. Then, based on electro-thermo-structure coupled theory, the distributions of current density, temperature field, and stress field are calculated for the instant of energizing. Furthermore, the simulation results are verified by some corresponding experiments performed on high pulsed current discharge device of type HCPD-I. Morphology and microstructure around the crack tip before and after electro pulsing treatment are observed by optical microscope(OM) and scanning electron microscope(SEM), and then the diameters of fusion zone and heat affected zone(HAZ) are measured in order to contrast with numerical calculation results. Element distribution, nano-indentation hardness and residual stress in the vicinity of the crack tip are surveyed by energy dispersive spectrometer(EDS), scanning probe microscopy(SPM) and X-ray stress gauge, respectively. The results show that the obvious partition and refined grain around the crack tip can be observed due to the violent temperature change. The contents of carbon and oxygen in fusion zone and HAZ are higher than those in matrix, and however the hardness around the crack tip decreases. Large residual compressive stress is induced in the vicinity of the crack tip and it has the same order of magnitude for measured results and numerical calculation results that is 100 MPa. The relational curves between discharge energies and diameters of the fusion zone and HAZ are obtained by experiments. The difference of diameter of fusion zone between measured and calculated results is less than 18.3%. Numerical calculation is very useful to define the experimental parameters. An effective method to prevent further extension of the crack is presented and can provide a reference for the compressor rotor blade remanufacturing.

In precision machining of complex curved surface parts with high performance, geometry accuracy is not the only constraint, but the performance should also be met. Performance of this kind of parts is closely related to the geometrical and physical parameters, so the final actual size and shape are affected by multiple source constraints, such as geometry, physics, and performance. These parts are rather difficult to be manufactured and new manufacturing method according to performance requirement is urgently needed. Based on performance and manufacturing requirements for complex curved surface parts, a new classification method is proposed, which divided the complex curved surface parts into two categories: surface re-design complex curved surface parts with multi-source constraints(PRCS) and surface unique complex curved surface parts with pure geometric constraints(PUCS). A correlation model is constructed between the performance and multi-source constraints for PRCS, which reveals the correlation between the performance and multi-source constraints. A re-design method is also developed. Through solving the correlation model of the typical part's performance-associated surface, the mapping relation between the performance-associated surface and the related removal amount is obtained. The explicit correlation model and the method for the corresponding related removal amount of the performance-associated surface are built based on the classification of surface re-design complex curved surface parts with multi-source constraints. Research results have been used in the actual processing of the typical parts such as radome, common bottom components, nozzle, et al., which shows improved efficiency and accuracy of the precision machining for the surface re-design parts with complex curved surface.

基于室内标定试验得到的混凝土内部温湿度对于钢筋锈蚀速率的影响关系以及现场混凝土内部温湿度的实时监测数据,提出了一种用于实时监测混凝土内钢筋锈蚀速率的新方法,并设计了相关试验进行验证.结果表明:通过该监测方法得到的钢筋锈蚀速率数据能较为可靠地计算钢筋锈蚀量.

在建的大连自由电子激光(Dalian Coherent Light Source,DCLS)是我国第一个开工建设的四代光源,也将是全球唯一可调波极紫外自由电子激光器.本文采用蒙特卡罗程序FLUKA,建立了电子束流线源均匀模型(均匀电子固定角度发射),对DCLS注入器段的主体墙厚度做了屏蔽设计,计算中引入方差减小技巧,以降低计算结果的统计误差;并将基于束流线源模型的蒙特卡罗计算结果与基于经验公式的Shiled11软件的计算结果做了比较.结果表明,基于束流线源模型的蒙特卡罗计算结果与基于经验公式的Shiled11软件的计算结果吻合较好;主体墙外的剂量主要是由中子贡献,95%以上的中子剂量是由巨共振中子贡献.因此,基于电子束流线源模型的蒙特卡罗方法适用于电子直线加速器的主体墙的横向屏蔽设计.

小浪底水库作为黄河流域水沙调控体系的重要组成部分,通过对国内外已有的水库壅水明流排沙、异重流潜入条件的分析,探讨了小浪底水库异重流预测的现状和难点,并提出了初步解决方案.今后须加强库区水沙因子测验,利用数学模型和物理模型两种手段,研究不同库段、不同流态的水沙输移规律,从而提高计算、预测水库排沙的精度,为小浪底水库排沙预测方法提出了方向.