科创中国

生态景观建设是南水北调东线江苏段工程重要组成部分.在建筑与环境景观设计的前期规划及组织实施过程中,均考虑建立合理有效的环境分区体系,同时也将工程的供水功能、生态功能以及环境效应有机结合.通过建筑与环境专项设计过程的实践,提出整体、综合设计的模式的设计思路,从而实现水与自然、水与社会和谐的目标.

The existing investigations on thermal comfort mostly focus on the thermal environment conditions, especially of the air-flow field and the temperature distributions in vehicle cabin. Less attention appears to direct to the thermal comfort or thermal sensation of occupants, even to the relationship between thermal conditions and thermal sensation. In this paper, a series of experiments were designed and conducted for understanding the non-uniform conditions and the occupant's thermal responses in vehicle cabin during the heating period. To accurately assess the transient temperature distribution in cabin in common daily condition, the air temperature at a number of positions is measured in a full size vehicle cabin under natural winter environment in South China by using a discrete thermocouples network. The occupant body is divided into nine segments, the skin temperature at each segment and the occupant's local thermal sensation at the head, body, upper limb and lower limb are monitored continuously. The skin temperature is observed by using a discrete thermocouples network, and the local thermal sensation is evaluated by using a seven-point thermal comfort survey questionnaire proposed by American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air-Conditioning Engineers, Inc(ASHRAE) Standard. The relationship between the skin temperature and the thermal sensation is discussed and regressed by statistics method. The results show that the interior air temperature is highly non-uniform over the vehicle cabin. The locations where the occupants sit have a significant effect on the occupant's thermal responses, including the skin temperature and the thermal sensation. The skin temperature and thermal sensation are quite different between body segments due to the effect of non-uniform conditions, clothing resistance, and the human thermal regulating system. A quantitative relationship between the thermal sensation and the skin temperature at each body segment of occupant in real life traffic is presented. The investigation result indicates that the skin temperature is a robust index to evaluate the thermal sensation. Applying the skin temperature to designing and controlling parameters of the heating, ventilation and air conditioning(HVAC) system may benefit the thermal comfort and reducing energy consumption.

Tribological properties of impregnated graphite are greatly influenced by preparation technology and working conditions and it's highly susceptible to corrosion environmental impacts,but the experimental research about it are few.In this paper,three kinds of impregnated graphite samples are prepared with different degree of graphitization,the tribological properties of these samples in the dry friction environment and in a corrosive environment are analyzed and contrasted.The tribo-test results show that the friction coefficient of samples is reduced and the amount of wear of samples increase when the graphitization degree of samples increases in dry friction condition.While in a corrosive environment(samples are soaked N2O4),the friction coefficient and amount of wear are changed little if the graphitization degree of samples are low.If the degree of graphitization increase,the friction coefficient and amount of wear of samples increase too,the amount of wear is 2 to 3 times as the samples tested in the non-corrosive environment under pv value of 30MPa?m/s.The impregnated graphite,which friction coefficient is stable and graphitization degree is in mid level,such#2,is more appropriate to have a work in the corrosion conditions.In this paper,preparation and tribological properties especially in corrosive environment of the impregnated graphite is studied,the research conclusion can provide an experimental and theoretical basis for the selection and process improvement of graphite materials,and also provide some important design parameters for contact seal works in a corrosive environment.

Insect source-sink dynamics are vital to ecologically intensive pest management. Maintaining sink plant hosts,or "trap crops",and destroying alternate hosts or breeding places adjacent to the field crop are effective pest management strategies for some arthropods. However,determining whether a host acts as a source or a sink is challenging, especially when the pest species is highly mobile and polyphagous. The western tarnished plant bug,Lygus hesperus,is highly polyphagous,and can utilize >300 hosts. Its presence has been documented in 26 roadside weed hosts in the Texas High Plains.Previous studies demonstrated that L. hesperus prefer alfalfa over cotton and several alternate weed hosts.A four-year project involved surveying and sampling for L. hesperus in the agricultural landscapes of several sub-regions of the southwestern United States,including the Texas High Plains. In Texas,geographic information of the landscape vegetation complex was compiled from a 150 km radius in the Texas High Plains. In one study,fifty irrigated cotton fields representing the crop diversity within this region were sampled via sweep-net for 10 weeks. This effort also included sampling of up to six noncotton insect habitats within a 3 km radius of each field. Seasonal average L. hesperus abundance data were regressed with 27 field characteristics( variables),including habitat-specific land cover,distance between focal cotton fields and non-cotton habitats,longitude,latitude,elevation,habitat heterogeneity index,and several environmental / ecological variables. Significant variables were selected using a stepwise regression at 15% probability rate. A 10-parameter linear model explained 93% of the variation in the data. Major parameters contributing significantly to variation in L. hesperus abundance in cotton were corn and sunflower acreages,focal cotton field distances from several non-cotton hosts,and habitat heterogeneity index. In addition,field marking-and-capture studies were conducted using protein markers and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays to characterize L. hesperus intercrop movement behavior. The field marking-and-capture approach can be used to study the effects of various crop management practices on L. hesperus intercrop movement and can potentially be applied to other pests and cropping systems.

应用计划行为理论构建了大学生创业意愿影响因素模型.探讨了创业特质、创业认知、创业态度以及创业环境对创业意愿的影响关系.采用Amosl7.0对模型进行验证,结果表明:创业特质和创业认知影响创业态度的路径系数为0.555和0.668:创业态度和创业环境影响创业意愿的路径系数为0.626和0.443;创业特质和创业认知间接影响创业意愿的路径系数为0.347和0.418:创业态度是创业特质和创业认知影响创业意愿的中介变量.据此提出了三点对策建议.为培养大学生创业意愿和推进大学创业教育路径提供了可靠依据.

根据冀北士石山区永定河流域多年来水土保持综合治理的模式和经验,在介绍和总结水土保持生态修复实用技术的基础上,分析了该区域水土保持生态修复中存在的主要问题,结合区域水土保持治理情况,对永定河流域水土保持生态修复技术与研究提出建议.

近些年来,我国中小城市快速发展,城乡建设水平不断提高,水资源供需矛盾日益突出,由于水资源配置工程体系不完备,水环境污染仍然严重.从环境治理、水利建设和生态保持等综合角度,寻求切实可行的中小城市水环境建设与管理方法,具有重要的理论及现实意义.

分析商务网站信息生态位的内涵,构造以能力维度、资源维度、关系维度、时间维度和空间维度为主的商务网站信息生态位5维模型,并设计出各生态位维度的指标体系,最后以此指标体系为基础设计出商务网站信息生态位的测度方法.

明确电子商务信息生态群的定义,认为电子商务系统由领导信息生态群、核心信息生态群和支持信息生态群构成,分析每个信息生态群的知识流程.电子商务知识管理对象是编码知识和个人知识,各知识流程中的核心环节是信息分析或经验提炼,分别对应于编码知识和个人知识.在知识流程分析基础上,提出信息生态视角下电子商务知识管理的技术框架.

日本高度重视水源地保护及水生态修复,在水资源管理体制、法律法规体系建设、水资源开发利用、水源地保护、水生态修复、水污染事故应急处理、水科学研究治理、宣贯教育及公众参与等多个方面取得了先进经验和良好的效果.提出了从日本积极推行的水资源"五保体系",即"社会保水、政策机制保水、科技保水、工程保水、管理保水"中得到借鉴,加强我国在"保水教育、立法保护、污水治理、生态建设、政府主导、全民参与"等方面进行水源地保护及水生态修复工作的建议.