科创中国

In the field of aerospace, high-speed trains and automobile, etc, analysis of temperature filed and scuffing failure of tapered roller bearings are more important than ever, and the scuffing failure of elements of such rolling bearings under heavy load and high speed still cannot be effectively predicted yet. A simplified model of tapered roller bearings consisted of one inner raceway, one outer raceway and a tapered roller was established, in which the interaction of several heat sources is ignored. The contact mechanics model, temperature model and model of scuffing failure are synthesized, and the corresponding computer programs are developed to analyze the effects of bearings parameters, different material and operational conditions on thermal performance of bearings, and temperature distribution and the possibility of surface scuffing are obtained. The results show that load, speed, thermal conductivity and tapered roller materials influence temperature rise and scuffing failure of bearings. Ceramic material of tapered roller results in the decrease of scuffing possibility of bearings to a high extent than the conventional rolling bearing steel. Compared with bulk temperature, flash temperature on the surfaces of bearing elements has a little influence on maximum temperature rise of bearing elements. For the rolling bearings operated under high speed and heavy load, this paper proposes a method which can accurately calculate the possibility of scuffing failure of rolling bearings.

Current researches show that mechanical deformation of seal ring face makes fluid film clearance decrease at high pressure side, thus a divergent clearance is formed and face wear occurs more seriously at the high pressure side than that on the low pressure side. However, there is still lack of published experimental works enough to prove the theoretical results. In this paper, a spiral groove dry gas seal at high pressures is experimentally investigated so as to prove the face wear happened at the high pressure side of seal faces due to the face mechanical deformation, and the wear behavior affected by seal ring structure is also studied. The experimental results show that face wear would occur at the high pressure side of seal faces due to the deformation, thus the leakage and face temperature increase, which all satisfies the theoretical predictions. When sealed pressure is not less than 5 MPa, the pressure can provide enough opening force to separate the seal faces. The seal ring sizes have obvious influence on face wear. Face wear, leakage and face temperature of a dry gas seal with the smaller cross sectional area of seal ring are less than that of a dry gas seal with bigger one, and the difference of leakage rate between these two sizes of seal face width is in the range of 24%–25%. Compared with the effect of seal ring sizes, the effect of secondary O-ring seal position on face deformation and face wear is less. The differences between these two types of dry gas seals with different secondary O-ring seal positions are less than 5.9% when the rotational speed varies from 0 to 600 r/min. By linking face wear and sealing performance changes to the shift in mechanical deformation of seal ring, this research presents an important experimental method to study face deformation of a dry gas seal at high pressures.

The current research of machine center accuracy in workspace mainly focuses on the poor geometric error subjected to thermal and gravity load while in operation,however,there are little researches focusing on the effect of machine center elastic deformations on workspace volume.Therefore,a method called pre-deformation for assembly performance is presented.This method is technically based on the characteristics of machine tool assembly and collaborative computer-aided engineering(CAE)analysis.The research goal is to enhance assembly performance,including straightness,positioning,and angular errors,to realize the precision of the machine tool design.A vertical machine center is taken as an example to illustrate the proposed method.The concept of travel error is defined to obtain the law of the guide surface.The machine center assembly performance is analyzed under cold condition and thermal balance condition to establish the function of pre-deformation.Then,the guide surface in normal direction is processed with the pre-deformation function,and the machine tool assembly performance is measured using a laser interferometer.The measuring results show that the straightness deviation of the Z component in the Y-direction is 158.9%of the allowable value primarily because of the gravity of the spindle head,and the straightness of the X and Y components is minimal.When the machine tool is processed in pre-deformation,the straightness of the Z axis moving component is reduced to 91.2%.This research proposes a pre-deformation machine center assembly method which has sufficient capacity to improving assembly accuracy of machine centers.

准弹性中子散射(Quasi-elastic neutron scattering,QENS)实验是研究受限水动态的一种重要实验手段.水泥样品中存在有结合水和受限水,各自的含量随着水泥样品的老化时间、环境温度、水和水泥(w/c)质量比、添加剂等因素的不同而变化,处于强受限状态的水的动态特性影响着水泥石的耐久性和力学特性,因此,水泥样品中受限水动态的研究具有重要的意义.本文综述了近年来水泥样品中受限移动水含量比例和受限水动态的QENS实验研究,着重介绍采用弛豫盒子模型(Relaxing cage model,RCM),对QENS谱实验数据的拟合分析,得到描述水泥样品中受限水动态相关信息的关键物理参数:受限移动水比例系数1-p,微纳孔中受限水分子在某位置上的诱捕(俘获)时间ιo、受限水平均迁移弛豫时间〈ι〉及其自扩散系数D,表征水泥样品微纳孔均匀性的形状因子腊,为QENS实验在受限水动态研究中的应用提供一种合理实用的方法.

经平绒是一种高档面料,在使用过程中易出现绒毛倒伏的现象,影响服饰美观.综合了针织"不倒绒"和机织长毛绒织物的特点,提出了用机织技术生产"不倒绒"经平绒机织面料的方法,阐述了原料选择、组织设计、固结方式选择、绒毛高度确定以及上机工艺参数设置等关键技术.研制的经平绒面料绒毛耸立,不易变形;面料光泽柔和,手感滑糯,弹性良好.