科创中国

The current design of hydro-viscous clutch(HVC)in tracked vehicle fan transmission mainly focuses on high-speed and high power.However,the fluid torque under the influence of fluid temperature can not be predicted accurately by conventional mathematical model or experimental research.In order to validate the fluid torque of HVC by taking the viscosity-temperature characteristic of fluid into account,the test rig is designed.The outlet oil temperature is measured and fitted with different rotation speed,oil film thickness,oil flow rate,and inlet oil temperature.Meanwhile,the film torque can be obtained.Based on Navier-Stokes equations and the continuity equation,the mathematical model of fluid torque is proposed in cylindrical coordinate.Iterative method is employed to solve the equations.The radial and tangential speed distribution,radial pressure distribution and theoretical flow rate are determined and analyzed.The models of equivalent radius and fluid torque of friction pairs are introduced.The experimental and theoretical results indicate that tangential speed distribution is mainly determined by the relative rotating speed between the friction plate and the separator disc.However,the radial speed distribution and pressure distribution are dominated by pressure difference at the lower rotating speed.The oil film fills the clearance and the film torque increases with increasing rotating speed.However,when the speed reaches a certain value,the centrifugal force will play an important role on the fluid distribution.The pressure is negative at the outer radius when inlet flow rate is less than theoretical flow,so the film starts to shrink which decreases the film torque sharply.The theoretical fluid torque has good agreement with the experimental data.This research proposes a new fluid torque mathematical model which may predict the film torque under the influence of temperature more accurately.

The existing research on improving the hydraulic performance of centrifugal pumps mainly focuses on the design method and the parameter optimization.The traditional design method for centrifugal impellers relies more on experience of engineers that typically only satisfies the continuity equation of the fluid.In this study,on the basis of the direct and inverse iteration design method which simultaneously solves the continuity and motion equations of the fluid and shapes the blade geometry by controlling the wrap angle,three centrifugal pump impellers are designed by altering blade wrap angles while keeping other parameters constant.The three-dimensional flow fields in three centrifugal pumps are numerically simulated,and the simulation results illustrate that the blade with larger wrap angle has more powerful control ability on the flow pattern in impeller.The three pumps have nearly the same pressure distributions at the small flow rate,but the pressure gradient increase in the pump with the largest wrap angle is smoother than the other two pumps at the design and large flow rates.The pump head and efficiency are also influenced by the blade wrap angle.The highest head and efficiency are also observed for the largest angle.An experiment rig is designed and built to test the performance of the pump with the largest wrap angle.The test results show that the wide space of its efficiency area and the stability of its operation ensure the excellent performance of the design method and verify the numerical analysis.The analysis on influence of the blade wrap angle for centrifugal pump performance in this paper can be beneficial to the optimization design of the centrifugal pump.

Hydrostatic mechanical face seals for reactor coolant pumps are very important for the safety and reliability of pressurized-water reactor power plants.More accurate models on the operating mechanism of the seals are needed to help improve their performance.The thermal fluid–solid interaction(TFSI)mechanism of the hydrostatic seal is investigated in this study.Numerical models of the flow field and seal assembly are developed.Based on the mechanism for the continuity condition of the physical quantities at the fluid–solid interface,an on-line numerical TFSI model for the hydrostatic mechanical seal is proposed using an iterative coupling method.Dynamic mesh technology is adopted to adapt to the changing boundary shape.Experiments were performed on a test rig using a full-size test seal to obtain the leakage rate as a function of the differential pressure.The effectiveness and accuracy of the TFSI model were verified by comparing the simulation results and experimental data.Using the TFSI model,the behavior of the seal is presented,including mechanical and thermal deformation,and the temperature field.The influences of the rotating speed and differential pressure of the sealing device on the temperature field,which occur widely in the actual use of the seal,are studied.This research proposes an on-line and assembly-based TFSI model for hydrostatic mechanical face seals,and the model is validated by full-sized experiments.

Most of current running quadruped robots have similar construction: a stiff body and four compliant legs. Many researches have indicated that the stiff body without spine motion is a main factor in limitation of robots' mobility. Therefore, investigating spine motion is very important to build robots with better mobility. A planar quadruped robot is designed based on cheetahs' morphology. There is a spinal driving joint in the body of the robot. When the spinal driving joint acts, the robot has spine motion; otherwise, the robot has not spine motion. Six group prototype experiments with the robot are carried out to study the effect of spine motion on mobility. In each group, there are two comparative experiments: the spinal driving joint acts in one experiment but does not in the other experiment. The results of the prototype experiments indicate that the average speeds of the robot with spine motion are 8.7%–15.9% larger than those of the robot without spine motion. Furthermore, a simplified sagittal plane model of quadruped mammals is introduced. The simplified model also has a spinal driving joint. Using a similar process as the prototype experiments, six group simulation experiments with the simplified model are conducted. The results of the simulation experiments show that the maximum rear leg horizontal thrusts of the simplified mode with spine motion are 68.2%–71.3% larger than those of the simplified mode without spine motion. Hence, it is found that spine motion can increase the average running speed and the intrinsic reason of speed increase is the improvement of the maximum rear leg horizontal thrust.

湍河渡槽桩基仿真试验项目包括:单桩竖向抗压静载试验、高应变检测试验、钻芯法检测试验以及声波透射法检测试验.通过对仿真试验桩的施工、检测试验、现场数据采集、成果分析研究,达到了复核桩基地质参数、验证桩基设计参数、验证施工工艺、确定施工质量控制措施和安全措施的试验目的.

熔盐堆是第四代国际核能论坛推荐的6种先进四代堆之一,具有良好的中子经济性、固有安全性、可在线后处理等特点.基于熔盐燃料和冷却剂的流动性,熔盐堆可对堆内产生的放射性气体进行在线移除,周期性地从熔盐泵中除去135Xe和85Kr等中子毒物,以提高燃料循环过程中的中子经济性.目前主要的源项计算软件并不完全适用于熔盐堆在线除气情况下的源项计算,为了解熔盐堆在线处理情况下的源项分布,为熔盐堆辐射防护设计提供参考依据,并验证熔盐堆在线处理情况下源项计算方法的可行性和计算结果的可靠性,采用实际运行过的美国橡树岭国家实验室熔盐实验堆(Molten Salt Reactor Experiment,MSRE)参数,应用自主开发的PostTRITON程序计算了含在线处理情况下的源项,分析了熔盐堆裂变产物产额及氚的产生情况,并应用SCALE5.1软件包中TRITON模块计算了无在线处理情况下的源项,分析了数据偏差的原因,并与橡树岭国家实验室的计算数据进行了比较,计算结果在土8%的范围内符合一致.通过本研究,验证了在线处理下熔盐堆源项计算方法的可行性和结果的可靠性,可为熔盐堆的辐射防护设计提供重要的参考.

声学多普勒水流剖面仪是目前较先进的河道测流设备.按《规范》要求,利用该仪器前,需要对该仪器与流速仪测流的实测流量进行对比实验,计算其换算系数.在分析ADCP测流原理的基础上,利用引黄干渠张二庄水文站实测流量资料,对两种测流方法测量结果进行对比分析.根据最小二乘法原理,建立回归直线,并对其进行检验.对回归直线进行拟合优度检验,拟合优度系数为0.982;对回归直线用F检验法进行截距检验,回归效果显著.在该断面用ADCP测流时,流量换算系数为0.9911.

在洪水计算中,河道糙率是一个重要参数.通过对河道糙率影响因素分析,利用李营水文试验站的实测资料,阐述了河道糙率的计算方法.糙率确定时影响因素较多,不同的水深、植被、河床等因素,都会对糙率值产生影响.在实际计算中,大部分设计河段没有实测糙率资料,在实际应用中要借助相似河道的参数代替,对计算精度影响较大.收集了国内外不同情况下的河道糙率实验资料,可供河道糙率计算参考.