科创中国

Forming limit curves(FLCs) are commonly used for evaluating the formability of sheet metals. However, it is difficult to obtain the FLCs with desirable accuracy by experiments due to that the friction effects are non-negligible under warm/hot stamping conditions. To investigate the experimental errors, experiments for obtaining the FLCs of the AA5754 are conducted at 250℃. Then, FE models are created and validated on the basis of experimental results. A number of FE simulations are carried out for FLC test-pieces and punches with different geometry configurations and varying friction coefficients between the test-piece and the punch. The errors for all the test conditions are predicted and analyzed. Particular attention of error analysis is paid to two special cases, namely, the biaxial FLC test and the uniaxial FLC test. The failure location and the variation of the error with respect to the friction coefficient are studied as well. The results obtained from the FLC tests and the above analyses show that, for the biaxial tension state, the friction coefficient should be controlled within 0.15 to avoid significant shifting of the necking location away from the center of the punch; for the uniaxial tension state, the friction coefficient should be controlled within 0.1 to guarantee the validity of the data collected from FLC tests. The conclusions summarized are beneficial for obtaining accurate FLCs under warm/hot stamping conditions.

针对多控制源空间分布系统,提出了一种基于多输出支持向量回归机(SVR)学习的3-D模糊控制(3-D FLC)设计方法.基于多控制源空间分布系统的空间局部影响特性,将多控制源系统分解成多个单控制源子系统,每个子系统均采用单独的3-D FLC控制.将3-D FLC的空间模糊基函数用作SVR的核函数,建立起3-D FLC与SVR的数学等价关系.用SVR学习隐含有控制规律的输入输出数据集,将学习后的支持向量作为关键数据点用来构建3-D FLC的模糊规则库,完成3-D FLC的设计.将该方法应用于填充床催化反应器温度控制,仿真结果验证了该方法的有效性.

Iterative methods based on finite element simulation are effective approaches to design mold shape to compensate springback in sheet metal forming.However,convergence rate of iterative methods is difficult to improve greatly.To increase the springback compensate speed of designing age forming mold,process of calculating springback for a certain mold with finite element method is analyzed.Springback compensation is abstracted as finding a solution for a set of nonlinear functions and a springback compensation algorithm is presented on the basis of quasi Newton method.The accuracy of algorithm is verified by developing an ABAQUS secondary development program with MATLAB.Three rectangular integrated panels of dimensions 710 mm′750 mm integrated panels with intersected ribs of 10 mm are selected to perform case studies.The algorithm is used to compute mold contours for the panels with cylinder,sphere and saddle contours respectively and it takes 57%,22%and 33%iterations as compared to that of displacement adjustment(DA)method.At the end of iterations,maximum deviations on the three panels are 0.618 4 mm,0.624 1 mm and 0.342 0 mm that are smaller than the deviations determined by DA method(0.740 8 mm,0.740 8 mm and 0.713 7 mm respectively).In following experimental verification,mold contour for another integrated panel with 400 mm*380 mm size is designed by the algorithm.Then the panel is age formed in an autoclave and measured by a three dimensional digital measurement devise.Deviation between measuring results and the panel's design contour is less than 1 mm.Finally,the iterations with different mesh sizes(40 mm,35mm,30 mm,25 mm,20 mm)in finite element models are compared and found no considerable difference.Another possible compensation method,Broyden-Fletcher-Shanmo method,is also presented based on the solving nonlinear functions idea.The Broyden-Fletcher-Shanmo method is employed to compute mold contour for the second panel.It only takes 50%iterations compared to that of DA.The proposed method can serve a faster mold contour compensation method for sheet metal forming.

Lightweight design requires an accurate life prediction for structures and components under service loading histories. However, predicted life with the existing methods seems too conservative in some cases, leading to a heavy structure. Because these methods are established on the basis that load cycles would only cause fatigue damage, ignore the strengthening effect of loads. Based on Palmgren-Miner Rule(PMR), this paper introduces a new method for fatigue life prediction under service loadings by taking into account the strengthening effect of loads below the fatigue limit. In this method, the service loadings are classified into three categories: damaging load, strengthening load and none-effect load, and the process for fatigue life prediction is divided into two stages: stage I and stage II, according to the best strengthening number of cycles. During stage I, fatigue damage is calculated considering both the strengthening and damaging effect of load cycles. While during stage II, only the damaging effect is considered. To validate this method, fatigue lives of automobile half shaft and torsion beam rear axle are calculated based on the new method and traditional methods, such as PMR and Modified Miner Rule(MMR), and fatigue tests of the two components are conducted under service loading histories. The tests results show that the percentage errors of the predicted life with the new method to mean life of tests for the two components are –3.78% and –1.76% separately, much lesser than that with PMR and MMR. By considering the strengthening effect of loads below the fatigue limit, the new method can significantly improve the accuracy for fatigue life prediction. Thus lightweight design can be fully realized in the design stage.

对外径为Ф10mm碳纤维复合材料管成型工艺及性能进行了研究.结果表明,采用热缩工艺成型的碳纤维复合材料管工艺简单、质量可靠,Ф10mm碳纤维复合材料管件弯曲刚度与不锈钢管相当,弯曲强度为不锈钢的3倍以上,质量仅为不锈钢的50%,尺寸精度满足设计要求.

Bearing ring is the crucial component of bearing. With regard to such problems as material waste, low efficiency and high energy consumption in current process of producing large bearing ring, a new process named "casting-rolling compound forming technology" is researched by taking the typical 42CrMo slew bearing as object. Through theoretical analysis, the design criteria of the main casting-rolling forming parameters are put forward at first. Then the constitutive relationship model of as-cast 42CrMo steel and its mathematical model of dynamic recrystallization are obtained according to the results of the hot compression experiment. By a coupled thermal-mechanical finite element model for radial-axial rolling of bearing ring, the fraction of dynamic recrystallization is calculated and recrystallized grains size are predicated. Meanwhile, the effects of the initial rolling temperature and feed rate of idle roll on material microstructure evolution are analyzed. Finally, the industrial rolling experiment is designed and performed, based on the simulation results. In addition, mechanical and metallographic tests are conducted on rolled bearing ring to get the mechanical parameters and metallographic structure. The experimental data and results show that the mechanical properties of bearing ring produced by casting-rolling compound forming technology are up to industrial standard, and a qualified bearing ring can be successfully formed by employing this new technology. Through the study, a process of forming large bearing ring directly by using casting ring blank is obtained, which could provide an effective theoretical guidance for manufacturing large ring parts. It also has an edge in saving material, lowering energy and improving efficiency.

以探讨我国公共图书馆资源配置公平性为目的,应用基尼系数和和洛伦茨曲线,对我国31个地区的公共图书馆数、从业人数、高级职称人数、馆藏总量、本年新购藏量、财政拨款、图书购置费、计算机数、年流通人次、书刊文献外借册数、累计发放有效借阅证数、读者活动参加人次12个指标的人口公平性进行分析.结果显示,公共图书馆数、从业人数、计算机数3个指标的公平性较好,其他9个指标的公平性较差,其中图书购置费的不公平性很大.研究结论可为我国公共图书馆资源公平配置提供实证依据.

基于PKI的WTLS协议涉及复杂的证书操作,需耗费较大的通信和计算开销,且缺乏对服务器证书的有效性检查.引入可信证书验证代理(TCVP)和证书有效性凭据(CVT)等概念,由TCVP为无线通信节点(WN)生成短时有效的CVT,WN通过交换CVT来完成证书的有效性检查和公钥交换.基于此,提出了一种通用无线认证协议(GWAP).在GWAP框架下,采用ECC算法设计了一种具体的无线安全认证协议,并进行了效率分析.结果表明,该协议在确保安全的前提下降低了通信开销.