科创中国

As a promising technique, surrogate-based design and optimization(SBDO) has been widely used in modern engineering design optimizations. Currently, static surrogate-based optimization methods have been successfully applied to expensive optimization problems. However, due to the low efficiency and poor flexibility, static surrogate-based optimization methods are difficult to efficiently solve practical engineering cases. At the aim of enhancing efficiency, a novel surrogate-based efficient optimization method is developed by using sequential radial basis function(SEO-SRBF). Moreover, augmented Lagrangian multiplier method is adopted to solve the problems involving expensive constraints. In order to study the performance of SEO-SRBF, several numerical benchmark functions and engineering problems are solved by SEO-SRBF and other well-known surrogate-based optimization methods including EGO, MPS, and IARSM. The optimal solutions, number of function evaluations, and algorithm execution time are recorded for comparison. The comparison results demonstrate that SEO-SRBF shows satisfactory performance in both optimization efficiency and global convergence capability. The CPU time required for running SEO-SRBF is dramatically less than that of other algorithms. In the torque arm optimization case using FEA simulation, SEO-SRBF further reduces 21% of the material volume compared with the solution from static-RBF subject to the stress constraint. This study provides the efficient strategy to solve expensive constrained optimization problems.

This paper shows that a turned trochoidal function disturbance may lead to peripheral drops production. The resulting model is used to describe that a turned trochoidal disturbance leads to peripheral drops production on the liquid jet surface without the necessity for superimposed disturbances. The trochoid is a non-unique parametric function. Only non-unique parametric functions disturbances may lead to peripheral drops production. The trochoidal function disturbance is decomposed to Fourier series. Every Fourier element receives an amplification factor in accordance to the Rayleigh inviscid jet model. Peripheral drops are received on the jet surface. The paper shows that all trochoidal disturbance functions, prolate cycloid, cycloid and curtate cycloid have a capability of peripheral drops producing. A limited capability of peripheral drops production is introduced for the trochoidal curtate cycloid. Produced drops size are reduced for increasing the jet velocity and wave number. Smaller drops are also received by transition from the prolate cycloid to curtate cycloid disturbance.

Strengthening and toughening mechanisms in composite ceramics is complex. A change in a single parameter induces multiple property variations. The multiple changes in properties are often incompletely represented in theoretical models. This incompleteness in the parameter chosen fails to explain the mechanism of failure in composite ceramics. The exponential toughness function is used to represent the pull-out toughening mechanism, which dominates the crack growth resistance curve(R-curve). The strengthening-toughening model is established based on the Mori-Tanaka method(M-T method). The influence of inherent defects on toughness function and strength is analyzed by using this model. The theoretical result is compared with the experiment data. This model exactly reflects the change in strength. The theoretical result indicates that defects change the toughness function. Moreover, micro-cracks increase toughness size ac, and the strength of crack instable extensions acutely decreases as defect content increases. This presented model establishes the relationship among the important mechanical parameters of defect, strength, elastic modulus, and the R-curve.

目的 探讨严格液体管理对重症肺部感染患者心肺保护作用及其可能的机制.方法 将157例重症肺部感染患者随机分为液体管理组和对照组,用脉搏指示连续心输出量监测(PiCCO)的方法检测血流动力学变化指标[心输出量(CO)、心指数(CI)、胸腔内血管容量( ITBVI)、血管外肺水(EVLWI)]并指导液体管理;实验前后测定患者血浆脑型利钠肽(BNP),评估液体管理对患者心功能的影响;测定纤支镜肺灌洗液中白细胞介素(IL)-6的浓度,以评估肺组织局部炎症情况,监测动脉血气分析;实验前后行胸部CT检查评价肺部病变恢复情况.结果 与对照组比较,液体管理组血浆脑型利钠肽、血流动力学指标( CO、CI、EVLWI)和肺组织局部IL-6水平均明显下降(P<0.05),动脉血气氧分压升高(P<0.05),肺泡-动脉氧分压差下降(P<0.05),肺部病变和肺功能明显改善.结论 积极液体管理可保护重症肺部感染患者的心肺功能,其原因可能与降低炎症反应及改善氧合有关.

湿地自由水面巨大的水汽蒸发及其茂密植被的水汽蒸腾进入到大气中,然后又以雨的形式降到周围的地区,使得湿地和大气之间不断地进行着能量和物质交换,从而保持当地的湿度和降水量.该文根据衡水湖周边24个雨量站1974年-2009年的降水资料,分别计算出湖区、10km半径影响区、10-20km环形影响区、20~30km环形影响区的平均降水量,并按不同年代进行对比分析,揭示了衡水湖湿地对周边区域气候调节作用.

Wear is a major factor of disc cutters' failure. No current theory offers a standard for the prediction of disc cutter wear yet. In the field the wear prediction method commonly used is based on the excavation length of tunnel boring machine(TBM) to predict the disc cutter wear and its wear law, considering the location number of each disc cutter on the cutterhead(radius for installation); in theory, there is a prediction method of using arc wear coefficient. However, the preceding two methods have their own errors, with their accuracy being 40% or so and largely relying on the technicians' experience. Therefore, radial wear coefficient, axial wear coefficient and trajectory wear coefficient are defined on the basis of the operating characteristics of TBM. With reference to the installation and characteristics of disc cutters, those coefficients are modified according to penetration, which gives rise to the presentation of comprehensive axial wear coefficient, comprehensive radial wear coefficient and comprehensive trajectory wear coefficient. Calculation and determination of wear coefficients are made with consideration of data from a segment of TBM project(excavation length 173 m). The resulting wear coefficient values, after modification, are adopted to predict the disc cutter wear in the follow-up segment of the TBM project(excavation length of 5621 m). The prediction results show that the disc cutter wear predicted with comprehensive radial wear coefficient and comprehensive trajectory wear coefficient are not only accurate(accuracy 16.12%) but also highly congruous, whereas there is a larger deviation in the prediction with comprehensive axial wear coefficient(accuracy 41%, which is in agreement with the prediction of disc cutters' life in the field). This paper puts forth a new method concerning prediction of life span and wear of TBM disc cutters as well as timing for replacing disc cutters.

In working state, the dynamic performance of dry gas seal, generated by the rotating end face with spiral grooves, is determined by the open force of gas film and leakage flow rate. Generally, the open force and the leakage flow rate can be obtained by finite element method, computational fluid dynamics method and experimental measurement method. However, it will take much time to carry out the above measurements and calculations. In this paper, the approximate model of parallel grooves based on the narrow groove theory is used to establish the dynamic equations of the gas film for the purpose of obtaining the dynamic parameters of gas film. The nonlinear differential equations of gas film model are solved by Runge-Kutta method and shooting method. The numerical values of the pressure profiles, leakage flux and opening force on the seal surface are integrated, and then compared to experimental data for the reliability of the numerical simulation. The results show that the numerical simulation curves are in good agreement with experimental values. Furthermore, the opening force and the leakage flux are proved to be strongly correlated with the operating parameters. Then, the function-coupling method is introduced to analyze the numerical results to obtain the correlation formulae of the opening force and leakage flux respectively with the operating parameters, i.e., the inlet pressure and the rotating speed. This study intends to provide an effective way to predict the aerodynamic performance for designing and optimizing the groove styles in dry gas seal rapidly and accurately.

CAD model retrieval based on functional semantics is more significant than content-based 3D model retrieval during the mechanical conceptual design phase. However, relevant research is still not fully discussed. Therefore, a functional semantic-based CAD model annotation and retrieval method is proposed to support mechanical conceptual design and design reuse, inspire designer creativity through existing CAD models, shorten design cycle, and reduce costs. Firstly, the CAD model functional semantic ontology is constructed to formally represent the functional semantics of CAD models and describe the mechanical conceptual design space comprehensively and consistently. Secondly, an approach to represent CAD models as attributed adjacency graphs(AAG) is proposed. In this method, the geometry and topology data are extracted from STEP models. On the basis of AAG, the functional semantics of CAD models are annotated semi-automatically by matching CAD models that contain the partial features of which functional semantics have been annotated manually, thereby constructing CAD Model Repository that supports model retrieval based on functional semantics. Thirdly, a CAD model retrieval algorithm that supports multi-function extended retrieval is proposed to explore more potential creative design knowledge in the semantic level. Finally, a prototype system, called Functional Semantic-based CAD Model Annotation and Retrieval System(FSMARS), is implemented. A case demonstrates that FSMARS can successfully botain multiple potential CAD models that conform to the desired function. The proposed research addresses actual needs and presents a new way to acquire CAD models in the mechanical conceptual design phase.

目的 采用高频率超声影像技术方法观察急性心肌梗死大鼠心功能变化.方法 用冠状动脉结扎法建立心肌梗死大鼠模型,采用高频率超声影像系统测量左心室舒张末期前壁厚度(LVAWd)与后壁厚度( LVPWd)、舒张末期(LVIDd)和收缩末期左室内径(LVlDs),计算舒张末期和收缩末期左室容积(LVEDV,LVESV),射血分数(EF)、短轴缩短率(FS)、每搏输出量(SV).同时对梗死心肌组织进行定量检查,并检测血清中肌酸激酶(CK)、乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、丙二醛(MDA)等生化指标,进一步证实超声影像评价小动物心脏功能的可行性和准确性.结果 模型组与正常组、假手术组比较,LVIDs,LVESV,EF、FS、SV有显著性差异(P<0.01).心肌梗死面积有极显著性差异(P<0.01).模型组与正常组比较,CK、LDH值明显升高,有极显著性差异(P<0.01).MDA值明显升高,有极显著性差异(P<0.01).结论 高频率超声影像对大鼠心脏功能的评价有较高的准确性,可以作为大鼠心梗模型实验研究中可选择的无创性心功能评价技术之一.