科创中国

What is the sound of fear? Behavioral responses of white-crowned sparrows Zonotrichia leucophrys to synthesized nonlinear acoustic phenomena

原文链接：万方

• 作者：

  Ellen K. BLESDOE,Daniel T. BLUMSTEIN

• 摘要：

  Fear?and?anxiety?may?be?adaptive?responses?to?life-threatening?situations,?and?animals?may?communicate?fear?to?others?vocally.?A?fundamental?understanding?of?fear?inducing?sounds?is?important?for?both?wildlife?conservation?and?management?because?it?helps?us?understand?how?to?design?repellents?and?also?how?(and?why)?animals?may?be?negatively?impacted?by?anthropogenic?sounds.?Nonlinear?phenomena--sounds?produced?by?the?desynchronization?of?vibrations?in?a?sound?production?system-are?commonly?found?in?stress-induced?animal?vocalizations,?such?as?in?alarm?calls,?mobbing?calls,?and?fear?screams.?There?are?several?functional?hypotheses?for?these?nonlinear?phenomena.?One?specific?hypothesis?is?the?unpredictability?hypothesis,?which?suggests?that?because?nonlinear?phenomena?are?more?variable?and?somewhat?unpredictable,?animals?are?less?likely?to?habituate?to?them.?Animals?should,?therefore,?have?a?prolonged?response?to?sounds?with?nonlinear?phenomena?than?sounds?without?them.?Most?of?the?studies?involving?nonlinear?phenomena?have?used?mammalian?subjects?and?conspecific?stimuli.?Our?study?fo-?cused?on?white-crowned?sparrows?(Zonotrichia?leucophrys?ssp.?oriantha)?and?used?synthesized?acoustic?stimuli?to?investigate?behavioral?responses?to?stimuli?with?and?without?nonlinear?phenomena.?We?predicted?that?birds?would?be?less?relaxed?after?hearing?a?stimulus?with?a?nonlinear?component.?We?calculated?the?difference?from?baseline?of?proportion?of?time?spent?in?relaxed?behaviors?and?performed?pair-wise?comparisons?between?a?pure?tone?control?stimulus?and?each?of?three?experimental?stimuli,?including?a?frequency?jump?up,?a?frequency?jump?down,?and?white?noise.?These?comparisons?showed?that?in?the?30q50?s?after?the?playback?experiment,?birds?were?significantly?less?relaxed?after?hearing?noise?or?an?abrupt?frequency?jump?down?an?octave?but?not?an?abrupt?frequency?jump?up?an?octave?or?a?pure?tone.?Nonlinear?phenomena,?therefore,?may?be?generally?arousing?to?animals?and?may?explain?why?these?acoustic?properties?are?commonly?fou

• 关键词：

  非线性现象 行为反应 反应合成 声音 恐惧 声学现象 麻雀 野生动物保护

• 作者单位：

  The Rocky Mountain Biological Laboratory, Box 519 Crested Butte, CO 81224, USA%Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California, 621 Young Drive South, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1606, USA

• 基金项目：

  Acknowledgements For partial support, EKB thanks the Rocky Mountain Biological Laboratory and the Miller Worley Center for the Environment at Mount Holyoke College. DTB is supported by the NSF. We also thank Nicole Mufioz, Renae Brodie, Martha Hoopes, Janice Gifford, Dave Wilson, and an anonymous reviewer from their help and comments that greatly improved the manuscript. Research was conducted under ARC protocols approved by UCLA and the Rocky Mountain Biological Laboratory.

• 来源期刊：

  动物学报(英文版)

• 年，卷(期)：

  2014004