科创中国

Changes in Philornis infestation behavior threaten Darwin's finch survival

原文链接：万方

• 作者：

  Sonia KLEINDORFER,Katharina J. PETERS,Georgina CUSTANCE,Rachael Y. DUDANIEC,Jody A. O'CONNOR

• 摘要：

  The?conservation?behavior?framework?is?useful?to?identify?key?linkages?between?behavior?and?conservation?practice.?We?apply?this?framework?to?a?novel?host-parasite?system?on?the?Galapagos?Islands?and?ask?if?there?have?been?changes?in?parasite?oviposition?behavior?and?host?mortality?patterns?across?the?first?decade?(2004-2013)?of?its?known?association.?The?Dipteran?parasite?Philornis?downsi?was?first?discovered?in?Darwin's?finch?nests?in?1997?and?is?the?biggest?threat?to?the?survival?of?Galapagos?land?birds.?Host?mortality?has?increased?over?the?past?decade.?In?Dipterans,?pupation?and?pupae?size?are?determined?by?access?to?host?resources.?Here,?we?test?the?hypothesis?that?P?downsi?flies?are?laying?eggs?in?finch?nests?earlier?in?the?nestling?phase?to?maximize?larval?feeding?time?and?therefore?chance?of?pupation?success?before?host?death.?The?results?show?fewer?1st?instar?larvae?later?in?the?host?nesting?cycle?in?support?of?earlier?egg?laying?behavior?by?female?flies.?Between?2004?and?2013,?parasite?intensity?increased?from?-28?to?-48?parasites?per?nest,?host?mortality?increased?from?-50%?to?-90%,?and?host?age?at?death?decreased?from?-11?to?-5?days.?The?earlier?age?at?host?death?was?correlated?with?fewer?pupae?(from?-50%?to?-20%)?and?smaller?pupae?size?(-10%?decrease).?Changes?in?parasite?behavior?reveal?new?fitness?costs?to?both?the?parasite?and?Darwin's?finches.?These?findings?un-?derscore?the?need?for?urgent?conservation?action?to?save?Darwin's?finches?from?extinction?due?to?a?novel,?lethal?and?introduced?parasite?[Current?Zoology?60?(4):?542-550,?2014].

• 关键词：

  寄生行为 达尔文 威胁 加拉帕戈斯群岛 侵扰 产卵行为 寄生虫 死亡率

• 作者单位：

  School of Biological Sciences, Flinders University, GPO Box 2100, Adelaide 5001, Australia%Department of Biology, Lund University, S61vegatan 37, Lund, 22362, Sweden

• 基金项目：

  Acknowledgements We thank the following organizations for funding: Australian Research Council, Rufford Small Grant Foundation, Mohamed bin Zayed Species Conservation Fund, Max Planck Institute for Ornithology, Australian Research Council, Royal Society for the Protection of Birds/Birdfair, Earthwatch Institute and Australian Federation of University Women (SA). For logistical and research support, we thank the Charles Darwin Research Station, Galaipagos National Park Service, TAME airlines, and the community on Floreana Island. We thank Jeremy Robertson, David Shimoda Arango Roldan, Rebekah Christensen, James Forwood, Claire Chadton, Svenja Gantefoer, Robin Schubert, Timothy Clark, Matthias Schmidt and Christine Evans for field assistance.

• 来源期刊：

  动物学报(英文版)

• 年，卷(期)：

  2014004