科创中国

Behavioral?research?has?long?had?an?important?role?in?the?conservation?of?terns?(Ayes:?Stemidae).?Habitat?management?and?restoration?of?breeding?colony?sites?depends?on?knowledge?of?the?cues?used?to?select?colony?and?nest?sites.?For?example,?conspecific?attraction?with?playback?and?decoys?is?commonly?used?to?bring?terns?to?suitable?colony?sites?and?habitat?modification?is?often?used?to?increase?the?availability?of?suitable?nest?sites.?Tern?colonies?are?interconnected?by?dispersal,?and?a?metapopulation?approach?is?needed?for?effective?management.?Population?dynamics?are?therefore?affected?by?behaviors?that?influence?the?frequency?of?movement?among?colony?sites:?site?fidelity,?natal?and?breeding?dispersal,?and?group?adherence.?The?monogamous?breeding?system?of?terns?should?keep?effective?population?size?similar?to?census?population?size,?but?variation?in?sex?ratios?(likely?resulting?from?sex?differences?in?behavior)?and?in?parental?quality?can?result?in?a?smaller?than?expected?effective?population?size.?In?addition?to?the?behavior?of?terns,?knowledge?of?the?behavior?of?predators?on?terns?contributes?to?management?plans,?because?predator?behavior?can?sometimes?be?manipulated?and?predation?is?often?performed?by?only?a?few?specialized?individuals.?Other?examples?of?links?between?tern?behavior?and?conservation?are?also?briefly?reviewed,?such?as?behavioral?toxicology?research?and?studies?of?behavioral?responses?to?human?disturbance?and?manmade?structures.?More?work?is?needed?on?the?behavior?of?migratory?terns?at?staging?sites,?stopover?sites?and?wintering?grounds,?and?on?the?behavior?of?less?well-studied?species?and?species?in?less?well-studied?geographic?regions?[Current?Zoology?60?(4):?500-514,?2014].

While our understanding of male reproductive strategies is informed by extensive investigations into endocrine mechanisms, the proximate mechanisms by which females compete for mates and adjust reproduction to social environment remains enigmatic. We set out to uncover endocrine correlates of mate choice, social environment, and reproductive investment in female red-backed fairy-wrens Malurus melanocephalus. In this socially monogamous, yet highly sexually promiscuous species, females experience discrete variation in the phenotype of their mates, which vary in both plumage signals and level of paternal care, and in the composition of their breeding groups, which consist of either the pair alone or with an additional cooperative auxiliary; fe- male investment varies according to these social parameters. We found that androgen, estrogen, and glucorticoid levels varied with reproductive stage, with highest androgen and estrogen concentrations during nest construction and highest corticosterone concentrations during the pre-breeding stage. These stage-dependent patterns did not vary with male phenotype or auxiliary presence, though androgen levels during pre-breeding mate selection were lower in females obtaining red/black mates than those obtaining brown mates. We found no evidence that androgen, estrogen, or corticosterone levels during the fertile period were re- lated to extra-pair young (EPY) frequency. This study demonstrates clear changes in steroid levels with reproductive stage, though it found little support for variation with social environment. We suggest hormonal responsiveness to social factors may be physiologically constrained in ways that are bypassed through exogenous hormone manipulations.

我国高职院校教师普遍存在着科研基础差、底子薄,角色理解模糊,科研方法不对路,科研与社会实践脱节,科研功利性强,缺乏"问题"意识等不足.文章以提升"科研创新能力"为突破口,以学报和院级课题研究为阵地,以"两个对接"为导向,以"五个一工程"为抓手,以科研双导师制为引领,创新高职院校教师教育模式,探索高职教师教育的内容与途径.

《周易》有"大道之原"的美称,虽非诠释造物之道,却包含"造物之道".楚国制器工艺是对《周易》哲学思想的具体阐释和应用,是《周易》"道器说"的组成部分,它们分别从理论和实践两个方面衍生、规范了传统制器工艺文化的基本范畴和美学思想.发掘《周易》与楚国制器工艺的内在联系,对于继承和发展中华独具特色的"道器"文脉体系,具有十分重要的理论价值和现实指导意义.

油气资源评价一体化技术的研究和软件实现在国内外有所进展,但不同机构和学者对油气资源一体化评价的定位与内涵理解存在差异.本文作者结合一体化油气资源评价软件(PetroV)的实际设计与开发经验,阐述了对资源管理一体化、评价过程一体化以及软件实现一体化内涵的理解、定位及关键技术.资源管理一体化源于对常规、非常规海量成藏信息的集成,落脚于基于不同评价对象与目标层次的石油资源有效管理,通过界定不同投资价值属性的勘探目标系列,实现对上游的油气资源评价、勘探规划与市场决策的全方位支持,真正体现对油气资源的投资价值管理能力;评价过程一体化以全周期的资源量估算和储量评估为主线,支持从盆地到区带、到圈闭、到油藏,甚至单井的不同尺度资源评价对象构建、统一高效存储与评价活动的衔接,进而实现可持续、可调整、可回溯的油气资源一体化、动态评价过程;软件实现的一体化定位于数据集成、软件集成的最新信息科学技术发展,支持复杂分布式网络环境下的领域基础中间件的设计与开发,利用统一数据模型(ST-basedKIDA)量化、串接、组织当下不同尺度资评对象的评价过程,真正意义上实现能够融合盆地、区带、圈闭甚至开发阶段的主流资源(储量)全周期、可动态调整的油气资源评价过程.本文作者相信,经过多年的面向油气勘探开发行业的软件与数据一体化技术研究、多轮次油气资源评价经验积累以及最新信息科学技术的发展,系统地开展油气资源一体化评价技术的研究和应用的条件已经具备.

2014年11月25~26日,第十届迈格码大中华区用户大会暨迈格码(苏州)软件科技有限公司5周年庆典在苏州隆重召开.一汽铸造有限公司卢宝胜介绍了制芯模拟软件在产品开发中的应用,宁波市北仑辉旺铸模实业有限公司吴时雨分享了MAGMA模拟在自动挡变速器壳体模具设计中的应用,东芝水电设备(杭州)有限公司徐鹏程向大家分析了MAGMA5在东芝水电设备的应

弘一法师从自己实践经验出发,主张学书应先学篆书,要用篆隶笔意去写楷书乃至行草;除了临写篆字外,还要同时临习大楷、中楷、小楷等,各种书体都要写,采取"由博而约"的学习法;学习书法应该"入格而出格",既能学习古人名碑法帖,又能创作有别于古人范式的个性风格作品;出家人重在研究佛法,其最上乘的艺术在佛法的修行中得来.弘一这些观点是否合理,是否都适合大家学习,值得我们思考.

作为对一个新时代的称谓,后改革时代从提出伊始就一直活跃在人们的视线范围之内.本文从后改革时代的提法、后改革时代的划分时点及划分标志、后改革时代的特征、后改革时代需要解决的重大问题以及后改革时代的改革方向这几个基本层面,对目前学术界关于后改革时代及其相关问题的基础性研究进行理论梳理,试图从中寻找到后改革时代的真正逻辑.

目的:观察乌司他丁辅助治疗脓毒症患儿外周血清中一氧化氮(NO)、诱导型一氧化氮合酶(iNOS)浓度的变化.方法:采用前瞻性、随机对照临床试验,收集我院2010年10月至2012年3月儿科重症监护病房符合脓毒症诊断标准的患儿60例,随机分为观察组和常规治疗组各30例,并选取健康儿童20例作为对照组.观察组在脓毒症常规治疗的基础上加用乌司他丁治疗,常规治疗组则只按照脓毒症常规疗法治疗.分别检测两组患儿入院时(基线)、药物干预3 d后外周血血清NO、iNOS水平,观察其水平变化,分析乌司他丁对脓毒症治疗的作用,并对脓毒症、严重脓毒症、脓毒性休克患儿进行分层研究.结果:对照组NO均值为(8.63±2.15)μmol/L,iNOS为(30.96±15.26)U/mL;脓毒症组入院时NO均值为(86.13±28.75)μmol/L,iNOS为(10.76±4.28)U/mL;严重脓毒症组入院时NO均值为(101.89±35.83)μmol/L,iNOS为(8.35±3.40)U/mL;脓毒性休克组入院时NO均值为(126.86±63.72)μmol/L,iNOS为(7.08±2.32)U/mL,组间比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.01).不同严重程度的脓毒症比较,乌司他丁辅助治疗脓毒症及严重脓毒症患儿血清NO水平降低优于常规治疗组,iNOS上升水平也优于常规治疗组.结论:经乌司他丁干预3 d,脓毒症患儿外周NO水平明显下降,而iNOS水平有所上升.乌司他丁辅助治疗脓毒症,特别是一般脓毒症和严重脓毒症,可以抑制机体炎症反应,有助于控制炎症,值得临床早期应用及推广.

为了解决目前汽轮机及其调速系统参数辨识传统方法过程复杂、耗时长、人为干预较多等问题,提出了一种基于粒子群算法的一键式智能辨识方法.综合考虑机组实际运行参数偏离设计值等问题,根据现场实测数据,自动搜寻扰动特性参数及对应的响应,并采用自动整理后的参数作为粒子群算法的输入,完成一键式参数辨识过程.该方法既减少了人的劳动强度,也避免了人为误差的引入.将该辨识方法用于实际火电机组汽轮机及其调速系统的参数辨识,并与传统的粒子群算法辨识结果进行对比,表明了该辨识方法的实用性、方便性和高效性.本辨识方法为汽轮机调速系统的参数辨识提供了一种新的有效手段.