科创中国

据2012年4月6日《科技日报》报道,世界首次全人工繁殖长江刀鱼在江苏中洋集团长江珍稀鱼类繁养殖基地科研中心获得成功.中洋集团从2004年开始进行长江刀鱼人工驯养工作,2008年第一批半人工繁殖的长江刀鱼鱼苗出生.目前,存池刀鱼已达40多万尾.

We?examine?the?conservation?status?of?Africa's?"Big?Five":?lion,?leopard,?buffalo,?black?and?white?rhinoceros?and?elephant,?and?the?role?of?behavioral?knowledge?in?their?conservation.?Efforts?to?conserve?these?flagship?species?consist?of?in?situ?conservation,?captive?breeding?and?reintroductions.?With?a?few?exceptions,?we?find?limited?evidence?that?knowledge?of?behavior?informs?conservation?programs?targeted?at?these?species.?For?management?in?the?wild,?knowledge?of?infanticide?and?ranging?can?provide?guidelines?for?realistic?hunting?quotas?and?corridors?between?protected?areas,?respectively.?For?ex?situ?and?reintroduction?programs,?behavioral?knowledge?is?chiefly?focused?on?improved?animal?husbandry.?Despite?a?formidable?understanding?of?these?species'?behavior,?the?practicalities?of?using?such?knowledge?may?be?diminished?because?exploitation?of?these?species?is?so?forceful?and?the?bulk?of?efforts?aimed?at?conserving?these?species?(and?indeed?most?other?African?species)?are?primarily?in?situ?where?behaviorally?driven?interventions?are?limited.?Our?comparative?findings?suggest?that?behavior?has?been?of?rather?narrow?use?in?the?conservation?of?these?flagship?species?[Current?Zoology?60?(4):?486--499,?2014].

The evolution of many morphological structures is associated with the behavioral context of their use, particularly for structures involved in copulation. Yet, few studies have considered evolutionary relationships among the integrated suite of structures associated with male reproduction. In this study, we examined nine species of lizards in the genus Anolis to determine whether larger copulatory morphologies and higher potential for copulatory muscle performance evolved in association with higher copulation rates. In 10--12 adult males of each species, we measured the size of the hemipenes and related muscles, the seminiferous tubules in the testes, and the renal sex segments in the kidneys, and we assessed the fiber type composition of the muscles associated with copulation. In a series of pbylogenetically-informed analyses, we used field behavioral data to determine whether observed rates of copulation were associated with these morphologies.We found that species with larger hemipenes had larger fibers in the RPM (the retractor penis magnus, a muscle that controls hemipenis movement), and that the evolution of larg- er hemipenes and RPM fibers is associated with the evolution of higher rates of copulatory behavior. However, the sizes of the seminiferous tubules and renal sex segments, and the muscle fiber composition of the RPM, were not associated with copulation rates. Further, body size was not associated with the size of any of the reproductive structures investigated. The results of this study suggest that peripheral morphologies involved in the transfer of ejaculate may be more evolutionarily labile than internal structures involved in ejaculate production.

在当前计算机与仿真技术条件下,ACP(Artificial Society,Computational Experiments Parallel Execution)方法已经成为一种研究复杂系统的重要方法.其中人工社会的生成是利用ACP方法进行研究的重要基础.对人工社会生成基本原理进行了分析,介绍了根据ACP方法的思想建立面向突发事件应急管理的人工社会生成系统的设计原理、系统组成和功能,最后通过该系统成功生成了拥有1900多万人工人口的人工北京数据库,从而验证了系统的可行性.

我国当下的研究在起始之时,往往会预设一个"研究意义",但是,真正的原创性研究或重要发现并不是从寻找外在意义开始,而是源于人的好奇天性对未知世界的探索精神.通识教育是一种有别于专业教育的具有自由特征的教育,可以保护和提升人的求知天性,并通过培养整全的人而提供去外在意义的功能.

将60只二月龄的清洁级ICR小鼠随机分成4组,每组雌性10只和雄性5只,雌雄分开饲养,饮水中加入不同剂量的钼(以Na2MoO4.2H2O形式),分别是空白对照组、低钼组(100mg/L)、中钼组(200mg/L)、高钼组(400mg/L).4周后雌雄合笼,产仔后从仔鼠中随机挑选雌性30只和雄性15只按原分组给予不同剂量的钼,8周后,再从每组中随机选取雌性10只和雄性5只合笼饲养,产仔至第4代,记录分娩率和每胎产仔数.第3代和第4代小鼠每组选取5只,眼球采血,分离血清,测定血清黄嘌呤氧化酶(XOD)、单胺氧化酶(MAO)、丙二醛(MDA)、一氧化氮(NO)、铜蓝蛋白(CP)和超氧化物歧化酶(SOD).试验结果表明高剂量钼能够颉抗体内的铜,使部分含铜酶活性下降,降低了小鼠繁殖性能,具体如下:(1)F1和F2代高剂量组分娩率显著低于其他组(P

为明确西花蓟马Frankliniella occidentalis (Pergande)和二斑叶螨Tetranychus urticae Koch取食的菜豆对后取食昆虫的影响,研究了二斑叶螨和西花蓟马分别取食健康和虫(螨)害菜豆时生长发育和繁殖情况,并组建生命表,比较生命参数的异同.二斑叶螨取食健康菜豆和西花蓟马2龄若虫为害菜豆时未成熟期没有明显区别,但各螨态的存活率在健康菜豆上较高;取食健康菜豆时,雌成螨寿命为24.56 d,内禀增长率为0.2640,均高于取食西花蓟马为害菜豆.西花蓟马的未成熟期取食两种菜豆时也没有明显的区别,但二斑叶螨为害菜豆使西花蓟马的存活率下降;西花蓟马雌成虫平均寿命和单雌日产卵量在健康菜豆上分别为33.35 d和4.02粒,显著高于螨害菜豆,在健康菜豆上净增殖率也较高,为40.4264.研究表明,西花蓟马或二斑叶螨为害后的叶片对后取食害虫的生长发育影响不大,但对其存活率和繁殖均产生不利影响,西花蓟马和二斑叶螨取食诱导菜豆产生了一定的防御反应.

关于人工合成了脊髓灰质炎病毒,是否意味着人工制造了生命的问题,本文认为人工合成病毒就是制造了生命,并对此问题进行了探讨.1脊髓灰质炎病毒脊髓灰质炎病毒是引起脊髓灰质炎的病毒,常侵犯中枢神经系统,损害脊髓前角运动神经细胞,导致肢体松弛性麻痹,多见于儿童,故又名小儿麻痹症.脊髓

为探索苹果不同品种对桃小食心虫Carposina sasakii生长发育和繁殖的影响,在温度25±1℃、相对湿度(70±5)%、光周期L∶D=16 h∶8 h的室内条件下,测定了桃小食心虫在红富士、国光、新红星、金冠4个品种上的发育历期、存活率和产卵量,并组建了其生命周期表.结果显示,4个品种之间,除雌成虫外,桃小食心虫的卵、幼虫、蛹和雄成虫的发育历期差异均不显著;单雌总产卵量以金冠种群最高,为285.07粒,新红星种群最低,为145.25粒;总成活率以金冠种群最高,为17.23%,而红富士种群仅为6.55%;内禀增长率最高的是金冠种群,之后依次为国光、新红星、红富士种群.表明4个试验品种中金冠是桃小食心虫最适宜的寄主品种.

[目的]观察中药人工周期疗法治疗月经后期的临床疗效.[方法]收集2009年11月至2011年11月在我院就诊的月经后期患者38例,运用中药人工周期疗法予以治疗,治疗1~3个疗程.[结果]38例患者中治愈21例;好转13例,总有效率89.47%.[结论]中药人工周期疗法通过调整机体全身功能,提高机体固有调节能力,治疗月经后期疗效肯定,且远期效果较好.