科创中国

6月16日,斯巴鲁汽车(中国)有限公司与国家林业局下属中国野生动物保护协会联合举办的"2012年斯巴鲁生态环保之旅"圆满结束.在本次活动中,由斯巴鲁汽车(中国)有限公司工作人员、国家林业局野生动物保护协会工作人员、多家媒体人员以及斯巴鲁车主组成的考察团完成了对江苏大丰麋鹿国家级自然保护区的探访.

Fear?and?anxiety?may?be?adaptive?responses?to?life-threatening?situations,?and?animals?may?communicate?fear?to?others?vocally.?A?fundamental?understanding?of?fear?inducing?sounds?is?important?for?both?wildlife?conservation?and?management?because?it?helps?us?understand?how?to?design?repellents?and?also?how?(and?why)?animals?may?be?negatively?impacted?by?anthropogenic?sounds.?Nonlinear?phenomena--sounds?produced?by?the?desynchronization?of?vibrations?in?a?sound?production?system-are?commonly?found?in?stress-induced?animal?vocalizations,?such?as?in?alarm?calls,?mobbing?calls,?and?fear?screams.?There?are?several?functional?hypotheses?for?these?nonlinear?phenomena.?One?specific?hypothesis?is?the?unpredictability?hypothesis,?which?suggests?that?because?nonlinear?phenomena?are?more?variable?and?somewhat?unpredictable,?animals?are?less?likely?to?habituate?to?them.?Animals?should,?therefore,?have?a?prolonged?response?to?sounds?with?nonlinear?phenomena?than?sounds?without?them.?Most?of?the?studies?involving?nonlinear?phenomena?have?used?mammalian?subjects?and?conspecific?stimuli.?Our?study?fo-?cused?on?white-crowned?sparrows?(Zonotrichia?leucophrys?ssp.?oriantha)?and?used?synthesized?acoustic?stimuli?to?investigate?behavioral?responses?to?stimuli?with?and?without?nonlinear?phenomena.?We?predicted?that?birds?would?be?less?relaxed?after?hearing?a?stimulus?with?a?nonlinear?component.?We?calculated?the?difference?from?baseline?of?proportion?of?time?spent?in?relaxed?behaviors?and?performed?pair-wise?comparisons?between?a?pure?tone?control?stimulus?and?each?of?three?experimental?stimuli,?including?a?frequency?jump?up,?a?frequency?jump?down,?and?white?noise.?These?comparisons?showed?that?in?the?30q50?s?after?the?playback?experiment,?birds?were?significantly?less?relaxed?after?hearing?noise?or?an?abrupt?frequency?jump?down?an?octave?but?not?an?abrupt?frequency?jump?up?an?octave?or?a?pure?tone.?Nonlinear?phenomena,?therefore,?may?be?generally?arousing?to?animals?and?may?explain?why?these?acoustic?properties?are?commonly?fou

For the last decade, chytridiomycosis was considered to be caused by a single species of fungus, Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis (Bd), but a second chytrid species, Batrachochytrium salamandrivorans (Bs), was recently isolated from an in- fected Salamandra salamandra in the Netherlands. To date, Bs has only been found in the Netherlands. To assess whether Bs is present in China, we analyzed a total of 665 samples, including 425 wild samples, 41 preserved specimens, and 199 captive sam- pies, from 30 different species, including both urodeles and anurans. Our sample sites covered 15 provinces in China. All of the samples tested negative for Bs, resulting in a 95% confidence limit for a prevalence of 0.6%. The absence of Bs observed in this large-scale survey in China has significant implications for amphibian conservation and for border trade management strategies intended to control amphibian diseases. We strongly recommend the continued close monitoring of Bs to verify the status of this potentially devastating amphibian fungus in China .

Recursion?by?herbivores?is?the?repeated?use?of?the?same?site?or?plants.?Recursion?by?wild?animals?is?rarely?investigated?but?may?be?ubiquitous.?Optimal?foraging?theory?predicts?site?recursion?as?a?function?of?the?quality?of?the?site,?extent?of?its?last?use,?and?time?since?its?last?use?because?these?influence?site?resource?status?and?recovery.?We?used?GPS?collars,?behaviour?and?site?sampling?to?investigate?recursion?to?foraging?sites?for?two?elephant?Elephas?maximus?borneensis?herds?in?the?Lower?Kinabatangan?Wildlife?Sanctuary,?Borneo,?over?a?12?month?period.?Recursion?occurred?to?48?out?of?87?foraging?sites?and?was?most?common?within?48?hours?or?between?151-250?days,?indicating?two?different?types?ofrecursion.?Recursion?was?more?likely?to?occur?if?the?site?had?previously?been?occupied?for?longer.?Moreover,?the?time?spent?at?a?site?at?recursion?was?the?same?as?the?time?spent?at?the?site?on?the?first?occasion.?The?number?of?days?that?had?passed?between?the?first?visit?and?recursion?was?also?positively?correlated?with?how?much?time?was?spent?at?the?site?at?recursion.?Habitat?type?also?influenced?the?intensity?of?site-use,?with?more?time?spent?at?recursion?within?riverine/open?grass?areas?along?forest?margins?compared?to?other?habitat?types.?Recursion?is?a?common?behaviour?used?by?the?elephants?and?its?pattern?suggests?it?may?be?a?foraging?strategy?for?revisiting?areas?of?greater?value.?The?qualities?of?recursion?sites?might?usefully?be?incorporated?into?landscape?management?strategies?for?elephant?conservation?in?the?area?[Current?Zoology?60?(4):?551-559,?2014].

阿尔金山国家级自然保护区是中国四大无人区之一,保留了最完整、原始的高原生态类型,有雪山沙漠的纯净美景和许多珍稀野生动物,具有很高的科学考察和探险旅游价值.今年"五一"期间,原本计划尝试徒步穿越这片无人区的"中国徒步第-人'雷殿生,却机缘巧合地成就了一段自驾之旅.

We?examine?the?conservation?status?of?Africa's?"Big?Five":?lion,?leopard,?buffalo,?black?and?white?rhinoceros?and?elephant,?and?the?role?of?behavioral?knowledge?in?their?conservation.?Efforts?to?conserve?these?flagship?species?consist?of?in?situ?conservation,?captive?breeding?and?reintroductions.?With?a?few?exceptions,?we?find?limited?evidence?that?knowledge?of?behavior?informs?conservation?programs?targeted?at?these?species.?For?management?in?the?wild,?knowledge?of?infanticide?and?ranging?can?provide?guidelines?for?realistic?hunting?quotas?and?corridors?between?protected?areas,?respectively.?For?ex?situ?and?reintroduction?programs,?behavioral?knowledge?is?chiefly?focused?on?improved?animal?husbandry.?Despite?a?formidable?understanding?of?these?species'?behavior,?the?practicalities?of?using?such?knowledge?may?be?diminished?because?exploitation?of?these?species?is?so?forceful?and?the?bulk?of?efforts?aimed?at?conserving?these?species?(and?indeed?most?other?African?species)?are?primarily?in?situ?where?behaviorally?driven?interventions?are?limited.?Our?comparative?findings?suggest?that?behavior?has?been?of?rather?narrow?use?in?the?conservation?of?these?flagship?species?[Current?Zoology?60?(4):?486--499,?2014].

使用滤食性动物吸食悬浮颗粒的共养法被应用于处理对虾养殖系统中的营养物和颗粒废物.研究调查了紫贻贝与宽沟对虾共养的不同密度对一个封闭的循环水养殖系统中的水质和动物生长的影响.结果显示,系统中的贻贝去除了大量的总氮、总悬浮固体和菌落总数,

一项对啮齿类动物的研究显示出,婴儿的记忆会被最新生成的脑细胞所擦除.这项发现或许会对困扰人类1个世纪之久的谜团,即为什么人类不能回忆起早期孩童时期的事情作出解释.

目的:探讨建立人胰腺癌PANC-1裸鼠移植瘤模型的最佳实验方法,并应用该模型进行载基因纳米微粒体内效应的研究。方法:将不同数量PANC-1细胞悬液接种于BALB/c (nu/nu)小鼠右侧背部皮下,当肿瘤体积达100 mm 3时尾静脉注射siRNACY 5.5纳米复合物进行活体荧光成像。此外,于尾静脉注射负载siRNA Kras纳米复合物,蛋白印迹及免疫组织化学染色法观察肿瘤组织Kras蛋白表达水平。结果:1×107 cells/300μL 接种成瘤率达100%,成瘤时间<2周。荧光呈像及组织学检查显示载siRNA纳米微粒可靶向聚集在肿瘤组织发挥体内基因沉默效应。结论:本研究报道的人胰腺癌裸鼠移植瘤模型建立方法成瘤率达100%,成瘤时间短,是研究药物示踪和观察疗效的理想模型。