科创中国

6月16日,斯巴鲁汽车(中国)有限公司与国家林业局下属中国野生动物保护协会联合举办的"2012年斯巴鲁生态环保之旅"圆满结束.在本次活动中,由斯巴鲁汽车(中国)有限公司工作人员、国家林业局野生动物保护协会工作人员、多家媒体人员以及斯巴鲁车主组成的考察团完成了对江苏大丰麋鹿国家级自然保护区的探访.

Fear?and?anxiety?may?be?adaptive?responses?to?life-threatening?situations,?and?animals?may?communicate?fear?to?others?vocally.?A?fundamental?understanding?of?fear?inducing?sounds?is?important?for?both?wildlife?conservation?and?management?because?it?helps?us?understand?how?to?design?repellents?and?also?how?(and?why)?animals?may?be?negatively?impacted?by?anthropogenic?sounds.?Nonlinear?phenomena--sounds?produced?by?the?desynchronization?of?vibrations?in?a?sound?production?system-are?commonly?found?in?stress-induced?animal?vocalizations,?such?as?in?alarm?calls,?mobbing?calls,?and?fear?screams.?There?are?several?functional?hypotheses?for?these?nonlinear?phenomena.?One?specific?hypothesis?is?the?unpredictability?hypothesis,?which?suggests?that?because?nonlinear?phenomena?are?more?variable?and?somewhat?unpredictable,?animals?are?less?likely?to?habituate?to?them.?Animals?should,?therefore,?have?a?prolonged?response?to?sounds?with?nonlinear?phenomena?than?sounds?without?them.?Most?of?the?studies?involving?nonlinear?phenomena?have?used?mammalian?subjects?and?conspecific?stimuli.?Our?study?fo-?cused?on?white-crowned?sparrows?(Zonotrichia?leucophrys?ssp.?oriantha)?and?used?synthesized?acoustic?stimuli?to?investigate?behavioral?responses?to?stimuli?with?and?without?nonlinear?phenomena.?We?predicted?that?birds?would?be?less?relaxed?after?hearing?a?stimulus?with?a?nonlinear?component.?We?calculated?the?difference?from?baseline?of?proportion?of?time?spent?in?relaxed?behaviors?and?performed?pair-wise?comparisons?between?a?pure?tone?control?stimulus?and?each?of?three?experimental?stimuli,?including?a?frequency?jump?up,?a?frequency?jump?down,?and?white?noise.?These?comparisons?showed?that?in?the?30q50?s?after?the?playback?experiment,?birds?were?significantly?less?relaxed?after?hearing?noise?or?an?abrupt?frequency?jump?down?an?octave?but?not?an?abrupt?frequency?jump?up?an?octave?or?a?pure?tone.?Nonlinear?phenomena,?therefore,?may?be?generally?arousing?to?animals?and?may?explain?why?these?acoustic?properties?are?commonly?fou

For the last decade, chytridiomycosis was considered to be caused by a single species of fungus, Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis (Bd), but a second chytrid species, Batrachochytrium salamandrivorans (Bs), was recently isolated from an in- fected Salamandra salamandra in the Netherlands. To date, Bs has only been found in the Netherlands. To assess whether Bs is present in China, we analyzed a total of 665 samples, including 425 wild samples, 41 preserved specimens, and 199 captive sam- pies, from 30 different species, including both urodeles and anurans. Our sample sites covered 15 provinces in China. All of the samples tested negative for Bs, resulting in a 95% confidence limit for a prevalence of 0.6%. The absence of Bs observed in this large-scale survey in China has significant implications for amphibian conservation and for border trade management strategies intended to control amphibian diseases. We strongly recommend the continued close monitoring of Bs to verify the status of this potentially devastating amphibian fungus in China .

Recursion?by?herbivores?is?the?repeated?use?of?the?same?site?or?plants.?Recursion?by?wild?animals?is?rarely?investigated?but?may?be?ubiquitous.?Optimal?foraging?theory?predicts?site?recursion?as?a?function?of?the?quality?of?the?site,?extent?of?its?last?use,?and?time?since?its?last?use?because?these?influence?site?resource?status?and?recovery.?We?used?GPS?collars,?behaviour?and?site?sampling?to?investigate?recursion?to?foraging?sites?for?two?elephant?Elephas?maximus?borneensis?herds?in?the?Lower?Kinabatangan?Wildlife?Sanctuary,?Borneo,?over?a?12?month?period.?Recursion?occurred?to?48?out?of?87?foraging?sites?and?was?most?common?within?48?hours?or?between?151-250?days,?indicating?two?different?types?ofrecursion.?Recursion?was?more?likely?to?occur?if?the?site?had?previously?been?occupied?for?longer.?Moreover,?the?time?spent?at?a?site?at?recursion?was?the?same?as?the?time?spent?at?the?site?on?the?first?occasion.?The?number?of?days?that?had?passed?between?the?first?visit?and?recursion?was?also?positively?correlated?with?how?much?time?was?spent?at?the?site?at?recursion.?Habitat?type?also?influenced?the?intensity?of?site-use,?with?more?time?spent?at?recursion?within?riverine/open?grass?areas?along?forest?margins?compared?to?other?habitat?types.?Recursion?is?a?common?behaviour?used?by?the?elephants?and?its?pattern?suggests?it?may?be?a?foraging?strategy?for?revisiting?areas?of?greater?value.?The?qualities?of?recursion?sites?might?usefully?be?incorporated?into?landscape?management?strategies?for?elephant?conservation?in?the?area?[Current?Zoology?60?(4):?551-559,?2014].

阿尔金山国家级自然保护区是中国四大无人区之一,保留了最完整、原始的高原生态类型,有雪山沙漠的纯净美景和许多珍稀野生动物,具有很高的科学考察和探险旅游价值.今年"五一"期间,原本计划尝试徒步穿越这片无人区的"中国徒步第-人'雷殿生,却机缘巧合地成就了一段自驾之旅.

We?examine?the?conservation?status?of?Africa's?"Big?Five":?lion,?leopard,?buffalo,?black?and?white?rhinoceros?and?elephant,?and?the?role?of?behavioral?knowledge?in?their?conservation.?Efforts?to?conserve?these?flagship?species?consist?of?in?situ?conservation,?captive?breeding?and?reintroductions.?With?a?few?exceptions,?we?find?limited?evidence?that?knowledge?of?behavior?informs?conservation?programs?targeted?at?these?species.?For?management?in?the?wild,?knowledge?of?infanticide?and?ranging?can?provide?guidelines?for?realistic?hunting?quotas?and?corridors?between?protected?areas,?respectively.?For?ex?situ?and?reintroduction?programs,?behavioral?knowledge?is?chiefly?focused?on?improved?animal?husbandry.?Despite?a?formidable?understanding?of?these?species'?behavior,?the?practicalities?of?using?such?knowledge?may?be?diminished?because?exploitation?of?these?species?is?so?forceful?and?the?bulk?of?efforts?aimed?at?conserving?these?species?(and?indeed?most?other?African?species)?are?primarily?in?situ?where?behaviorally?driven?interventions?are?limited.?Our?comparative?findings?suggest?that?behavior?has?been?of?rather?narrow?use?in?the?conservation?of?these?flagship?species?[Current?Zoology?60?(4):?486--499,?2014].

使用滤食性动物吸食悬浮颗粒的共养法被应用于处理对虾养殖系统中的营养物和颗粒废物.研究调查了紫贻贝与宽沟对虾共养的不同密度对一个封闭的循环水养殖系统中的水质和动物生长的影响.结果显示,系统中的贻贝去除了大量的总氮、总悬浮固体和菌落总数,

一项对啮齿类动物的研究显示出,婴儿的记忆会被最新生成的脑细胞所擦除.这项发现或许会对困扰人类1个世纪之久的谜团,即为什么人类不能回忆起早期孩童时期的事情作出解释.

目的:通过建立肥胖大鼠低氧训练模型,观察血清Visfatin含量和脂肪组织Visfatin基因表达水平,探讨低氧训练对肥胖大鼠Visfatin的影响.方法:单纯性肥胖大鼠建模成功后,筛选130只随机分为13组:对照0周组,低氧安静1、2、3、4周组,常氧训练1、2、3、4周组,低氧训练1、2、3、4周组.低氧环境模拟海拔3 500 m(氧浓度13.6%);常氧和低氧训练组分别以25 m/min、20 m/min进行跑台训练,各训练组持续运动1 h/d、6 d/w、1~4周.采用ELISA法测试血清Visfatin含量,荧光定量PCR法测试附睾脂肪Visfain mRNA相对表达量.结果:1)肥胖大鼠0周时血清Visfatin含量(50.095±9.092 μg/L)显著高于其他各周(P<0.01),常氧训练第1、2、3、4周时分别为17.856±3.596 μg/L、27.002±10.475 μg/L、26.866±7.107μg/L、36.385±5.455 μg/L,低氧安静组第1、2、3、4周时分别为22.382±6.356μg/L、24.662±6.654μg/L、25.764士9.382 μg/L、34.504±6.946 μg/L,低氧训练组第1、2、3、4周时分别为17.227士5.106 μg/L、18.360士5.181 μg/L、15.065±4.466μg/L、16.689±7.728μg/L;常氧训练和低氧安静组,其变化趋势一致,第1周显著性下降(P<0.01),随后回升;而低氧训练组一直保持在低水平,后3周均显著低于其他两组(P<0.01).2)肥胖大鼠0周时脂肪组织Visfatin mRNA相对表达量为0.0658±0.0263,常氧训练组第1、2、3、4周时分别为0.0569±0.0237、0.0499±0.0130、0.0653±0.0288、0.1071±0.0437,第4周时显著高于第1、2、3周时水平(P<0.01);低氧安静组第1、2、3、4周时分别为0.0883±0.0442、0.0990±0.0570、0.0507±0.0178、0.0883±0.0312;低氧训练组第1、2、3、4周时则表现出下降的趋势,分别为0.1102±0.0368、0.0845±0.0238、0.0679±0.0245、0.0668±0.0298,低氧训练第4周时其相对表达量低于常氧训练和低氧安静组,与常氧训练组比较差异显著(P<0.05).结论:1)低氧训练控制肥胖大鼠血清Visfatin水平较常氧训练和低氧安静曼为有效;2)与常氧训练和低氧安静比较,低氧训练下调脂肪组织Visfatin基因表达作用更明显.