The role of behavior in tern conservation
Behavioral?research?has?long?had?an?important?role?in?the?conservation?of?terns?(Ayes:?Stemidae).?Habitat?management?and?restoration?of?breeding?colony?sites?depends?on?knowledge?of?the?cues?used?to?select?colony?and?nest?sites.?For?example,?conspecific?attraction?with?playback?and?decoys?is?commonly?used?to?bring?terns?to?suitable?colony?sites?and?habitat?modification?is?often?used?to?increase?the?availability?of?suitable?nest?sites.?Tern?colonies?are?interconnected?by?dispersal,?and?a?metapopulation?approach?is?needed?for?effective?management.?Population?dynamics?are?therefore?affected?by?behaviors?that?influence?the?frequency?of?movement?among?colony?sites:?site?fidelity,?natal?and?breeding?dispersal,?and?group?adherence.?The?monogamous?breeding?system?of?terns?should?keep?effective?population?size?similar?to?census?population?size,?but?variation?in?sex?ratios?(likely?resulting?from?sex?differences?in?behavior)?and?in?parental?quality?can?result?in?a?smaller?than?expected?effective?population?size.?In?addition?to?the?behavior?of?terns,?knowledge?of?the?behavior?of?predators?on?terns?contributes?to?management?plans,?because?predator?behavior?can?sometimes?be?manipulated?and?predation?is?often?performed?by?only?a?few?specialized?individuals.?Other?examples?of?links?between?tern?behavior?and?conservation?are?also?briefly?reviewed,?such?as?behavioral?toxicology?research?and?studies?of?behavioral?responses?to?human?disturbance?and?manmade?structures.?More?work?is?needed?on?the?behavior?of?migratory?terns?at?staging?sites,?stopover?sites?and?wintering?grounds,?and?on?the?behavior?of?less?well-studied?species?and?species?in?less?well-studied?geographic?regions?[Current?Zoology?60?(4):?500-514,?2014].
Brian G. PALESTIS - 动物学报(英文版)
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