科创中国

乳腺癌是女性最常见的恶性肿瘤,病死率居全球首位.近20年,由于早期发现和辅助治疗的改进,乳腺癌的治疗疗效已明显提升,但很多患者仍面临复发的恐惧和死亡的威胁[1].现阶段,乳腺癌总体复发率约40%,其中60%~70%的患者发生远处转移[2].应用常规化疗药物联合治疗,HER-2阳性早期转移性乳腺癌对trastuzumab的反应率为50%~84%,但疗程开始1年内药物即对患者失效.目前,

目的 探讨肺黏膜相关淋巴组织结外边缘区淋巴瘤(以下简称MALT淋巴瘤)的临床病理特征.方法 收集肺MALT淋巴瘤12例,对其临床特点、影像学及病理学特征进行回顾性分析.结果 12例中女性8例(67%),男性4例(33%).发病年龄32~79岁,中位年龄62.5岁,仅1例患者年龄小于40岁(8.3%).8例患者为体检时偶然发现,就诊时无明显临床症状,2例有胸痛,2例有咳嗽、咳痰.CT表现:患者病变部位均位于单侧肺组织,左肺上叶1例,右肺11例(上叶4例,中叶1例,下叶6例);肿块最大径2~5cm;其中为界限清楚的团块或结节影10例(83%),浸润或实变影2例(17%).肿瘤细胞由弥漫分布均匀一致、小至中等大小的中心细胞样细胞和单核样细胞构成,其内散在少许转化性母细胞样大细胞,少数伴有浆细胞样分化.免疫表型:12例肿瘤性淋巴样细胞CD20、CD79a细胞膜阳性,11例BCL-2阳性,9例κ、λ呈单轻链限制性表达,Ki-67增殖指数5%~10%.Ann Arbor临床分期:ⅠE期8例,ⅡE期1例,Ⅳ期1例,2例不详.治疗均采用单纯手术切除为主,2例术后联合化疗.结论 肺MALT淋巴瘤发病率低,临床表现隐匿,影像学不典型,术前诊断困难.最后诊断依赖于病理组织学、免疫组化及基因重排分析等检查,患者预后较好.

目的:探讨前列腺特异性间质肉瘤( prostatic special-ized stromal sarcoma, PSS)的临床病理特征、免疫表型、诊断及鉴别诊断。方法回顾性分析1例PSS的临床病理特征、免疫表型、诊断及鉴别诊断等,并复习相关文献。结果梭形及短梭形PSS细胞呈束状、编织状排列,细胞核主要呈卵圆形、短梭形,核仁不明显,可见多角形细胞。免疫表型:肿瘤细胞vimentin、CD34呈弥漫阳性, PR 呈弱阳性。结论PSS起源于前列腺激素依赖性特异性间质细胞,是一种罕见肉瘤。病理诊断主要依靠病理学形态和免疫表型,vimentin、CD34阳性可鉴别诊断,需与肉瘤样癌、平滑肌肉瘤、横纹肌肉瘤等相鉴别。

乳腺癌干细胞具有高致瘤性、转移性、耐药性等特点,其在乳腺癌的发生、发展、复发及转移过程中发挥重要作用.迄今为止,多数研究已阐述了乳腺癌干细胞的表型特征,并在此基础上建立分离和鉴定的方法,靶向乳腺癌干细胞的治疗也取得一定进展.该文现对上述方面作一综述.

1 Introduction
Phenotype variation within populations both provides the raw material for and is the product of evolutionary change. An individual's phenotype, defined as the amalgamation of morphology, physiology, and behavior, is highly complex. It has been common to try to isolate each of these aspects of phenotype rather than directly examine their integration. For example, despite the demonstrated importance of single aspects of phenotype for acquiring mates it is well known that signal traits are not evaluated in isolation, but rather in conjunction with associated behaviors, and sometimes with other signal traits (Moiler and Pomiankowski, 1993; Candolin, 2003;

Signal traits are often linked with the physiological state and behavior of their bearer. Direct examination of the causal links among these variables has provided substantial insight into the information content of signals, and into the costs and benefits of signal expression. Yet recent empirical work suggests that the social context in which signals are developed and displayed can play a major role not only in how signals are received, but also in coordinating and mediating the signaling phenotype itself. Here we review both well-established and emerging evidence for direct feedbacks among an individual's physiological state, be- havior, and signal elaboration. We then describe an integrative view of signaling that takes into account the bidirectional rela- tionships among components of phenotype and the social context in which signals are developed and displayed. Integrating dy- namic feedback between context and phenotype within models of the evolution and maintenance of signals may yield insights into how signals evolve, how signaling phenotypes are coordinated and maintained on ecological and evolutionary time scales, and how static signals continue to convey relevant phenotypic information about their bearer through time.

高分化肠型胃腺癌是一种具有低度核异型性的少见胃癌变异型,内镜下此型胃癌常表现为一种边界不清的病变,伴轻微凹陷或隆起,无明显黏膜颜色改变,这给胃镜医师在胃镜下诊断高分化肠型胃癌带来不少困难.病理诊断高分化肠型胃癌亦非常具有挑战性,特别是活检标本,常常被误诊为反应性肠上皮化生或不确定为恶性肿瘤.显微镜下见肿瘤性腺体显示为微小的结构异常,如分支或吻合的腺体,常形成如字母W、H、Y、X等形状.由于此型胃癌非常少,约占早期胃癌的1.9%,其临床病理特征和生物学行为还没有被很好的确立.

While our understanding of male reproductive strategies is informed by extensive investigations into endocrine mechanisms, the proximate mechanisms by which females compete for mates and adjust reproduction to social environment remains enigmatic. We set out to uncover endocrine correlates of mate choice, social environment, and reproductive investment in female red-backed fairy-wrens Malurus melanocephalus. In this socially monogamous, yet highly sexually promiscuous species, females experience discrete variation in the phenotype of their mates, which vary in both plumage signals and level of paternal care, and in the composition of their breeding groups, which consist of either the pair alone or with an additional cooperative auxiliary; fe- male investment varies according to these social parameters. We found that androgen, estrogen, and glucorticoid levels varied with reproductive stage, with highest androgen and estrogen concentrations during nest construction and highest corticosterone concentrations during the pre-breeding stage. These stage-dependent patterns did not vary with male phenotype or auxiliary presence, though androgen levels during pre-breeding mate selection were lower in females obtaining red/black mates than those obtaining brown mates. We found no evidence that androgen, estrogen, or corticosterone levels during the fertile period were re- lated to extra-pair young (EPY) frequency. This study demonstrates clear changes in steroid levels with reproductive stage, though it found little support for variation with social environment. We suggest hormonal responsiveness to social factors may be physiologically constrained in ways that are bypassed through exogenous hormone manipulations.

在肝脏活检标本中,原发性肝内胆管细胞癌(ICC)和转移性胰腺导管腺癌(PDA)组织学上难以区分,但二者的鉴别具有重要的临床意义.本组实验对41例ICCs和60例PDAs分别进行S100P、pVHL、IMP3、肿瘤抑制基因蛋白maspin、MUC5AC及CK17蛋白的免疫表型评估,以了解这些标志物在两种疾病鉴别诊断中的价值.结果显示:29例(71%)ICCs表达pVHL,PDAs中仅3例(5%)出现pVHL表

目的:探讨细胞外信号调节激酶1/2(ERK1/2)在高血压大鼠模型动脉外膜血管重塑中的作用.方法:利用血管紧张素II(Ang II)微泵灌注制备高血压大鼠模型,随机分为未处理组、生理盐水灌注组和Ang II灌注组.分别检测各组大鼠尾动脉收缩压及血管形态学改变;Western blotting技术检测外膜成纤维细胞过氧化氢酶(CAT)蛋白在未处理组、单纯Ang II、ERK1/2抑制剂PD98059和Ang II+PD98059培养下的表达.结果:大鼠颈动脉HE染色和收缩压结果显示,与未处理组及生理盐水灌注组相比,Ang II组大鼠颈动脉中膜厚度和收缩压明显增加(P<0.01),动脉形态结构有明显改变,并且有显著的病理性血管重塑发生.Western blotting检测结果显示,PD98059作用下CAT比单纯Ang II明显增高(P<0.05),表明ERK1/2信号通路能够恢复Ang II诱导的CAT表达下调.结论:Ang II可能通过ERK1/2信号通路下调血管外膜CAT的表达,进而促进血管细胞表型转化,导致血管病理性重塑发生.