科创中国

总结了近年来在鱼类物种鉴定中常用的DNA序列分析、DNA指纹技术、物种特异性聚合酶链式反应和实时荧光PCR技术等DNA检测方法,同时对各类方法的特点和局限性进行了分析.

观察并量化鱼类面对诸如拖网等主动式采样器具时的行为是一个挑战.应用一种高频成像声纳(DIDSON)在中等到富营养的水库直接观察并记录了鱼类在一张主动式中上层拖网网口前的躲避行为.在这个多鱼种水库环境中鱼类表现出了多样的行为模式.声学分析显示,在拖网区域内鱼类有76%被捕获,有24%则游出了该区域.

Relationship between species' home range and their other biological traits remains poorly understood, especially in migratory birds due to the difficulty associated with tracking them. Advances in satellite telemetry and remote sensing techniques have proved instrumental in overcoming such challenges. We studied the space use of migratory ducks through satellite telemetry with an objective of understanding the influence of body mass and feeding habits on their home-range sizes. We marked 26 indi- viduals, representing five species of migratory ducks, with satellite transmitters during two consecutive winters in three Indian states. We used kernel methods to estimate home ranges and core use areas of these waterfowl, and assessed the influence of body mass and feeding habits on home-range size. Feeding habits influenced the home-range size of the migratory ducks. Carnivorous ducks had the largest home ranges, herbivorous ducks the smallest, while omnivorous species had intermediate home-ranges. Body mass did not explain variation in home-range size. To our knowledge, this is the first study of its kind on migratory ducks, and it has important implications for their conservation and management [Current Zoology 60 (5): 616-621, 2014].

ATPase?6/8?gene?(842?bp)?of?mitochondrial?DNA?was?sequenced?in?Labeo?rohita?samples?(n?=?253)?collected?from?nine?rivers?belonging?to?four?river?basins;?Indus,?Ganges,?Brahmaputra?and?Mahanadi.?Analysis?revealed?44?haplotypes?with?high?haplotype?diversity?(Hd)?0.694?and?low?nucleotide?diversity?(π)?0.001.?The?within?population?variation?was?larger?(83.44%)?than?among?population?differences?(16.56%).?The?mean?Fsv?value?(0.166;?P?〈?0.05)?for?overall?populations?revealed?moderate?level?of?genetic?structuring?in?the?wild?L.?rohita?populations.?The?haplotype?network?presented?a?single?clade?for?wild?L.?rohita?population,?from?different?rivers.?Negative?values?for?Fu's?index?(Fs),?mismatch?distribution?analysis?indicated?period?of?expansion?in?L.?rohita?population.?The?time?after?recent?expansion?was?estimated?for?each?population,?between?0.042?to?0.167?mya.?The?pattern?of?Isolation?by?Distance?(IBD)?was?not?significant?(r?=?-0.113,?P?〈?0.287),?when?all?the?sampling?locations?were?compared?(Mantel?test),?however,?when?an?outlier?(Indus,?Brahmaputra?and?Mahanadi)?was?removed?from?the?whole?population?set,?a?clear?positive?correlation?between?pairwise?Fsv?and?geographic?distance?(Km)?was?seen.?The?analysis?of?data?demonstrated?that?ATPase6/8?gene?polymorphism?is?a?potential?marker?to?understand?genetic?population?structure?of?wild?L.?rohita?existing?in?different?rivers.?The?study?identified?population?substructure?in?wild?L.?rohita?with?common?ancestral?origin?[Current?Zoology?60?(4):?460--471,?2014].

下一步是增加空气系统.为了取消在USB项目7516-OCAT网箱的沉没测试中计划测试所需要的潜水呼吸器,必须安装空气系统.在下部和斜管的HDPE上钻孔并攻丝用于注入和排放空气和水(图17).安装了铜的输入阀门和管接头.所有进气阀和管接头都是3/8英寸的.斜管和底部管子上的进水管阀门是0.75英寸的,这样能加速管内水的注入和排放.在阀门的螺纹上使用了螺纹密封剂(液态的Teflon)以确保阀门不会漏气.经验证明在HDPE管子上钻孔和攻丝的方法能取得很好的效果.