科创中国

根据化学事故应急救援与处置现场环境污染快速、实时检测需要,提出了一种化学污染物微流控芯片实时检测系统的设计方案,进行了系统的总体设计和细化设计,论述了系统设计涉及的复杂基质样品微流控芯片预处理技术,特别是固相萃取样品预处理技术、快速灵敏的微流控芯片检测技术、微流控芯片的模拟仿真、设计、集成与控制技术,以及便携式微流控芯片分析仪器的硬件设计和软件开发技术等关键技术及其研究方法,探讨了微流控芯片分离与检测单元的设计与实验、复杂基质样品的微流控芯片预处理单元设计与实验、原理性样机的研制与实验、微流控分析检测方法库和数据库的建立等系统设计的主要研究工作内容及其技术途径.通过微流控芯片分析检测系统包括样品预处理、混合、分离等单元,检测器单元,控制系统和信息处理单元的科学设计,可构建高度集成化、便携化、微型化的微流控分析检测系统,使系统具有适合小分子化合物等环境污染物的分析检测架构.

水文信息化是近年来水文行业在水文事业发展和现代化建设过程中频繁提及和关注的一个新课题.采用现代信息技术使公众及时准确地了解水文信息,成为水文管理发展的新趋势.WebGIS(网络地理信息系统)是在地理信息技术和互联网技术支持下发展起来的,代表了GIS的发展方向.建立WebGIS支持下的实时水文信息查询系统,实现水文信息的直观化、图像化发布,为各级防汛部门提供实时、准确、权威的水文信息查询、统计和分析服务,从而提高各相关部门的办公效率和服务质量、降低管理成本.详细介绍了基于WebGIS的衡水水文信息查询系统的设计与实现方法.

Computer-based conceptual design for routine design has made great strides, yet non-routine design has not been given due attention, and it is still poorly automated. Considering that the function-behavior-structure(FBS) model is widely used for modeling the conceptual design process, a computer-based creativity enhanced conceptual design model(CECD) for non-routine design of mechanical systems is presented. In the model, the leaf functions in the FBS model are decomposed into and represented with fine-grain basic operation actions(BOA), and the corresponding BOA set in the function domain is then constructed. Choosing building blocks from the database, and expressing their multiple functions with BOAs, the BOA set in the structure domain is formed. Through rule-based dynamic partition of the BOA set in the function domain, many variants of regenerated functional schemes are generated. For enhancing the capability to introduce new design variables into the conceptual design process, and dig out more innovative physical structure schemes, the indirect function-structure matching strategy based on reconstructing the combined structure schemes is adopted. By adjusting the tightness of the partition rules and the granularity of the divided BOA subsets, and making full use of the main function and secondary functions of each basic structure in the process of reconstructing of the physical structures, new design variables and variants are introduced into the physical structure scheme reconstructing process, and a great number of simpler physical structure schemes to accomplish the overall function organically are figured out. The creativity enhanced conceptual design model presented has a dominant capability in introducing new deign variables in function domain and digging out simpler physical structures to accomplish the overall function, therefore it can be utilized to solve non-routine conceptual design problem.

As the popularization of dual ring fieldbus,the optimized dual ring synchronization methods are still in short.The current synchronization methods are generally established in traditional industrial fieldbus,in which transmission is commonly considered in single track,the two-way transmitting cannot take full effect,and would result in unwanted idle load on equipment lines.In stamp-transferring part,the synchronizing algorithm is not properly processed to diminish the latency,so the real-time performance of entire system cannot be ensured.To support the synchronization control of stations in the CNC system,a real-time time synchronization method for dual ring fieldbus in the CNC system is designed in this paper.In this method a synchronizing message transmission scheme based on dual ring architecture and the synchronization algorithm between master and secondary stations are integrated.In the scheme,the clock models of both master and secondary stations are optimized with corresponding modules and the stamp data transmission based on the dual ring fieldbus is devised exclusively,so the transmitting efficiency improves with less idle work.In the algorithm,all the secondary stations can accomplish the consistent state with master station by updating clock discrepancy information in one communication cycle,and it takes the advantage of two-way transmitting and makes the best use of dual ring structure,so the real-time performance of the system can be promoted while retaining the precision of synchronization.To evaluate the performance,the costs of the method and errors during synchronizing are noted and analyzed based on the actual running environment in the industrial fieldbus.The results show that it reduces communication cost and ensures the smoothness of the system with low lag effects under heavy load.The proposed time synchronization method optimizes the architecture of sync message transmission in dual ring fieldbus,and improves the efficiency of time synchronization in the stations of CNC system.

我国货币政策面临"多工具,多目标"的现实状况,有鉴于此,本文基于一个广义前瞻性反应函数模型并利用我国1994Q1~2011Q4的宏观经济数据实证比较了五个不同的货币政策工具规则,每个工具规则都隐含四大政策目标.实证结果表明,五个规则都面临"顾此失彼"的困境;市场利率规则表现最好却具有内在不稳定性.因此,在"多工具,多目标"背景下,我国央行不宜采用单一的货币政策规则.本文提出了相应的政策建议.

作为市场经济体制比较完善的西方发达国家,美国较为完善的税制体系及税务管理体系,对我国的税制改革和征管改革有很多有益的借鉴.本文通过对美国税制、主要税种的介绍,美国税制特征的分析,提出我国税制结构设计以及改进所得税、财产税、社会保障税等方面的启示.

For planning optimum multiple stresses accelerated life test plans, a commonly followed guiding principle is that all parameters of the life-stress relationship should be estimated, and the number of the stress level combinations must be no less than the number of parameters of the life-stress relationship. However, the general objective of an accelerated life test(ALT) is to assess the p-th quantile of the product life distribution under normal stress. For this objective, estimating all model parameters is not necessary, and this will increase the cost of test. Based on the theoretical conclusion that the stress level combinations of the optimum multiple stresses ALT plan locate on a straight line through the origin of coordinate, it is proposed that a design idea of planning the optimum multiple stresses ALT plan through transforming the problem of designing an optimum multiple stresses ALT plan to designing an optimum single stress ALT plan. Moreover, a method of planning the optimum multiple stresses ALT plan which can avoid estimating all model parameters is established. An example shows that, the proposed plan which only has two stress level combinations could achieve an accuracy no less than the traditional plan, and save the test time and cost on one stress level combination at least; when the actual product life is less than the design value, even the deviation of the model initial parameters value is up to 20%, the variance of the estimation of the p-th quantile of the proposed plan is still smaller than the traditional plans approximately 25%. A design method is provided for planning the optimum multiple stresses ALT which uses the statistical optimum degenerate test plan as the optimum multiple stresses accelerated life test plan.

The current research of the decomposition methods of complex optimization model is mostly based on the principle of disciplines, problems or components. However, numerous coupling variables will appear among the sub-models decomposed, thereby make the efficiency of decomposed optimization low and the effect poor. Though some collaborative optimization methods are proposed to process the coupling variables, there lacks the original strategy planning to reduce the coupling degree among the decomposed sub-models when we start decomposing a complex optimization model. Therefore, this paper proposes a decomposition method based on the global sensitivity information. In this method, the complex optimization model is decomposed based on the principle of minimizing the sensitivity sum between the design functions and design variables among different sub-models. The design functions and design variables, which are sensitive to each other, will be assigned to the same sub-models as much as possible to reduce the impacts to other sub-models caused by the changing of coupling variables in one sub-model. Two different collaborative optimization models of a gear reducer are built up separately in the multidisciplinary design optimization software iSIGHT, the optimized results turned out that the decomposition method proposed in this paper has less analysis times and increases the computational efficiency by 29.6%. This new decomposition method is also successfully applied in the complex optimization problem of hydraulic excavator working devices, which shows the proposed research can reduce the mutual coupling degree between sub-models. This research proposes a decomposition method based on the global sensitivity information, which makes the linkages least among sub-models after decomposition, and provides reference for decomposing complex optimization models and has practical engineering significance.

"十二五"时期我国节能工作面临着更加复杂的形势和严峻的挑战,需要在以往工作基础上有所创新和突破.日本是全球能源效率最高的国家之一,节能取得卓越成绩不仅依靠对技术的不懈追求,更依靠对节能更加深入的理解和政策上的大胆尝试.通过将节能融入经济发展战略、"以人为本"的管理手段以及用更加系统整体的眼光重新看待节能技术和产品,加上能源管理师、领跑者等制度上的创新,日本一直保持着全球节能引领者地位.本文简要地回顾和总结了日本近年来节能理念和制度方面的创新,并结合我国"十一五"以来节能工作,提出了针对"十二五"节能工作的政策建议.