科创中国

不同的碳排放权交易机制之间有何内在促进和制约关系,排放权交易市场中企业的决策标准是什么,为何发达国家热衷于实行CDM项目,碳税的加入对排放权交易市场有何影响.围绕这一系列重要问题,本文从微观角度出发,在AIM-Enduse模型的基础上加入新的目标函数,重新定义参数,修改约束条件,构建在排放权交易机制下企业减排的单阶段最优化决策模型.在此模型基础上,本文分析了基于配额的排放权交易和基于项目的排放权交易(CDM)之间内在的促进和制约关系,进而发现,参与者数量及参与者之间减排边际成本的离散程度将决定排放权交易市场的交易量;对于减排技术高度发达的国家来说,CDM机制不仅有利于大幅降低其减排成本,还有利于增加排放权交易市场的交易量,但是对于减排技术较为落后的国家来说,CDM机制对其几乎没有影响.

As the popularization of dual ring fieldbus,the optimized dual ring synchronization methods are still in short.The current synchronization methods are generally established in traditional industrial fieldbus,in which transmission is commonly considered in single track,the two-way transmitting cannot take full effect,and would result in unwanted idle load on equipment lines.In stamp-transferring part,the synchronizing algorithm is not properly processed to diminish the latency,so the real-time performance of entire system cannot be ensured.To support the synchronization control of stations in the CNC system,a real-time time synchronization method for dual ring fieldbus in the CNC system is designed in this paper.In this method a synchronizing message transmission scheme based on dual ring architecture and the synchronization algorithm between master and secondary stations are integrated.In the scheme,the clock models of both master and secondary stations are optimized with corresponding modules and the stamp data transmission based on the dual ring fieldbus is devised exclusively,so the transmitting efficiency improves with less idle work.In the algorithm,all the secondary stations can accomplish the consistent state with master station by updating clock discrepancy information in one communication cycle,and it takes the advantage of two-way transmitting and makes the best use of dual ring structure,so the real-time performance of the system can be promoted while retaining the precision of synchronization.To evaluate the performance,the costs of the method and errors during synchronizing are noted and analyzed based on the actual running environment in the industrial fieldbus.The results show that it reduces communication cost and ensures the smoothness of the system with low lag effects under heavy load.The proposed time synchronization method optimizes the architecture of sync message transmission in dual ring fieldbus,and improves the efficiency of time synchronization in the stations of CNC system.

作为市场经济体制比较完善的西方发达国家,美国较为完善的税制体系及税务管理体系,对我国的税制改革和征管改革有很多有益的借鉴.本文通过对美国税制、主要税种的介绍,美国税制特征的分析,提出我国税制结构设计以及改进所得税、财产税、社会保障税等方面的启示.

PET/CT显像作为一种诊断肿瘤、评价疗效和预后的有力工具得到了快速的发展。氨基酸类正电子药物被临床证明是可以弥补当前^18F-FDG PET/CT不足的重要药物,不像^18F-FDG,氨基酸类分子探针在正常脑组织中的摄取很低,在良性的病变如炎症、水肿、坏死和纤维化的组织几乎不摄取,可以提高PET/CT显像的特异性,其合成标记的研发日益得到重视。本文重点介绍了当前利用短半衰期正电子核素^18F和^11C标记合成正电子类氨基酸的方法学和初步应用研究的最新进展。

浙江是原始瓷的重要产地,德清火烧山窑址是目前已知的唯一一处西周晚期至春秋晚期的原始瓷窑址,也是目前已发掘最早的纯烧原始瓷的窑址,对于探索中国早期青瓷的烧造技术具有极其重要的意义.选取早期(西周晚期到春秋初期)样品18个,中后期(春秋中期后段)样品15个,晚期(春秋晚期后段)样品17个,进行质子激发X射线荧光(Proton Induced X-ray Emission,PIXE)分析.因子分析用来研究这些不同时期烧造的原始瓷原料来源和相互关系.结果表明,晚期产品所用胎料、釉料与早期产品不同,与中后期产品相同.

"十二五"时期我国节能工作面临着更加复杂的形势和严峻的挑战,需要在以往工作基础上有所创新和突破.日本是全球能源效率最高的国家之一,节能取得卓越成绩不仅依靠对技术的不懈追求,更依靠对节能更加深入的理解和政策上的大胆尝试.通过将节能融入经济发展战略、"以人为本"的管理手段以及用更加系统整体的眼光重新看待节能技术和产品,加上能源管理师、领跑者等制度上的创新,日本一直保持着全球节能引领者地位.本文简要地回顾和总结了日本近年来节能理念和制度方面的创新,并结合我国"十一五"以来节能工作,提出了针对"十二五"节能工作的政策建议.

足细胞,作为肾小球滤过屏障的一道重要防线,被认为是蛋白尿产生的中心环节,因此近年来备受关注.免疫抑制剂对足细胞损伤的保护作用促使人们寻找除其免疫抑制作用之外对足细胞直接的保护机制.足细胞本身是否具有免疫细胞样的特性?在病理情况下,足细胞又是如何对机体炎症反应作出应答的?上述问题的解答将对足细胞损伤机制研究和探寻治疗干预措施具有重要意义.

The existing research of the active suspension system(ASS) mainly focuses on the different evaluation indexes and control strategies. Among the different components, the nonlinear characteristics of practical systems and control are usually not considered for vehicle lateral dynamics. But the vehicle model has some shortages on tyre model with side-slip angle, road adhesion coefficient, vertical load and velocity. In this paper, the nonlinear dynamic model of lateral system is considered and also the adaptive neural network of tire is introduced. By nonlinear analysis methods, such as the bifurcation diagram and Lyapunov exponent, it has shown that the lateral dynamics exhibits complicated motions with the forward speed. Then, a fuzzy control method is applied to the lateral system aiming to convert chaos into periodic motion using the linear-state feedback of an available lateral force with changing tire load. Finally, the rapid control prototyping is built to conduct the real vehicle test. By comparison of time response diagram, phase portraits and Lyapunov exponents at different work conditions, the results on step input and S-shaped road indicate that the slip angle and yaw velocity of lateral dynamics enter into stable domain and the results of test are consistent to the simulation and verified the correctness of simulation. And the Lyapunov exponents of the closed-loop system are becoming from positive to negative. This research proposes a fuzzy control method which has sufficient suppress chaotic motions as an effective active suspension system.

多智能体(代理)系统(Multi-Agent System,MAS)是基于实体建模的、分布式离散事件驱动的仿真方法,其中实体行为的描述和协同一直是持续研究的难点问题.基于Cougaar体系结构,根据混合型Agent的定义,针对Multi-Agent的实体建模提出了一种通用描述方法,简化了实体Agent建模描述,方便定义Agent之间的关系.设计实现了一个高性能的协同算法,把实体Agent分为总控Agent和仿真Agent两类,通过集中式控制方法进行时钟同步,仿真Agent按需进行时间同步,能够有效降低实际仿真中的硬件资源消耗,实现高效的时间同步.各个Agent的仿真时间推进步长可以自适应变化,取得仿真性能和仿真精度之间的平衡.

Extensive studies on rotor systems with single or coupled multiple faults have been carried out. However these studies are limited to single-span rotor systems. A finite element model for a complex rotor-bearing system with coupled faults is presented. The dynamic responses of the rotor-bearing system are obtained by using the rotor dynamics theory and the modern nonlinear dynamics theory in connection with the continuation-shooting algorithm(commonly used for obtaining a periodic solution for a nonlinear system) for a range of rub-impact clearances and crack depths. The stability and Hopf instability of the periodic motion of the rotor-bearing system with coupled faults are analyzed by using the procedure described. The results indicate that the finite element method is an effective way for determining the dynamic responses of such complex rotor-bearing systems. Further for a rotor system with rub-impact and crack faults, the influences of the clearances are significantly different for different rub-impact stiffness. On the contrary, the influence of crack depths is rather small. The instability speeds of the rotor-bearing system increase due to the presence of the crack fault. The results obtained using the new finite element model, presented for computation and analysis of dynamic responses of the rotor-bearing systems with coupled faults, are in accordance with measurements in experiment. The formulations given can be used for diagnosis of faults, vibration control, and safe and stable operations of real rotor-bearing systems.