科创中国

Objective Immediate physical exercise has been recommended for patients in the recovery phase to improve survival and quality of life(QOL)and reduce recurrence of disease.The new NCCN Guidelines for Survivorship also highlighted the role of exercise in post-cancer health,encouraging patients to perform light physical activity following treatment.The aim of our study is to effect of Tai Chi Chuan(TCC)on serotonin and cortisol for monitoring stress and QOL in post-treatment breast cancer patients.Methods Totally85 post-treatment breast cancer patients were enrolled in this study to observe the effects of practicing TCC on recovery,as well as stress and happiness which are indicators of QOL of in patients.Peripheral blood was drawn from study subjects to analyze the levels of serotonin,cortisol and high sensitive C-reactive protein(HSCRP)at baseline,and at 3,6 and 12 months of TCC practice.Blood was drawn from healthy subjects only at baseline.A QOL questionnaire was administered to study subjects at three time points throughout the study,and once for healthy controls.The data were processed by analysis of variance of repeated measurement.Results At 3,6 and 12 months time points following regular TCC exercise,WBC,RBC,hemoglobin in blood samples showed a statistically significant difference(F=161.55,172.14,289.73;all P=0.00);the level of serotonin(biomarker for well-being),cortisol(indicator of stress)and HS-CRP(biomarker for inflammation)showed a statistical improvement(F=307.46,182.85,102.23;all P=0.00).After 3,6 and 12 months of regular TCC exercise,according to the results of QOL questionnaire,the indicators including quality of sleep,perceived hunger,fatigue,contentment,stress and social interaction presented a significant difference(F=312.98,222.64,543.90,46.05,28.10,78.92,all P<0.05),while there was no statistical difference in life dissatisfaction(F=56.61,P=0.166)Conclusions TCC physical activity for post-treatment breast cancer patients improved QOL and overall well-being,leading to improved mental,physical and psychological functioning.Regulated levels of serotonin and cortisol mediated by TCC exercises are proved to be vital for continued good health.

Pneumatic actuators and electric actuators have almost been applied to all manufacturing industries.The two kinds of actuators can replace each other in most fields,such as the point to point transmission occasion and some rotating occasions.However,there are very few research results about the advantages and disadvantages of two kinds of actuators under the same working conditions so far.In this paper,a novel comprehensive assessment method,named as overall life cycle comprehensive assessment(OLCCA),is proposed for comparison and assessment of pneumatic and electric actuators.OLCCA contains mechanical properties evaluation(MPE),life cycle cost analysis based on users(LCCABOU)and life cycle environmental impact analysis(LCEIA)algorithm in order to solve three difficult problems:mechanical properties assessment,cost analysis and environmental impact assessment about actuators.The mechanical properties evaluation of actuators is a multi-objective optimization problem.The fuzzy data quantification and information entropy methods are combined to establish MPE algorithm of actuators.Two kinds of pneumatic actuators and electric actuators with similar bearing capacity and similar work stroke were taken for example to verify the correctness of MPE algorithm.The case study of MPE algorithm for actuators verified its correctness.LCCABOU for actuators is also set up.Considering cost complex structure of pneumatic actuators,public device cost even method(PDCEM)is firstly presented to solve cost division of public devices such as compressors,aftercooler,receivers,etc.LCCABOU method is also effective and verified by the three groups of pneumatic actuators and electric actuators.Finally,LCEIA model of actuators is established for the environmental impact assessment of actuators.LCEIA data collection method and model establishment procedure for actuators are also put forward.With Simapro 7,LCEIA comparison results of six actuators can be obtained:Fossil fuels are the major environmental factor of pneumatic and electric actuators;Environmental impact of electric actuator is large than one of pneumatic actuator under the similar mechanical properties and working conditions of pneumatic and electric actuators.The results are correct and correspond with the actual mechanical properties of actuators.This paper proposes a comprehensive evaluation method of the actuators,which can solve the critical problem that similar electromechanical products are very difficult to be compared with each other from the angle of performance,cost and environment impact.

Blade vibration failure is one of the main failure modes of compressor wheel of turbocharger for vehicle application.The existing models for evaluating the reliability of blade vibration of compressor wheel are static,and can not reflect the relationship between the reliability of compressor wheel with blade vibration failure mode and the life parameter.For the blade vibration failure mode of compressor wheel of turbocharger,the reliability evaluation method is studied.Taking a compressor wheel of turbocharger for vehicle application as an example,the blade vibration characteristics and how they change with the operating parameters of turbocharger are analyzed.The failure criterion for blade vibration mode of compressor wheel is built with the Campbell diagram,and taking the effect of the dispersity of blade natural vibration frequency and randomness of turbocharger operating speed into account,time-dependent reliability models of compressor wheel with blade vibration failure mode are derived,which embody the parameters of blade natural vibration frequency,turbocharger operating speed,the blade number of compressor wheel,life index and minimum number of resonance,etc.Finally,the rule governing the reliability and failure rate of compressor wheel and the method for determining the reliable life of compressor with blade vibration is presented.A method is proposed to evaluate the reliability of compressor wheel with blade vibration failure mode time-dependently.

The existing research of steering comfort mainly focuses on the subjective evaluation,aiming at designing and optimizing the steering system.In the development of steering system,especially the evaluation of steering comfort,the objective evaluation methods considered the kinematic characteristics of driver steering maneuver are not proposed,which means that the objective evaluation of steering cannot be conducted with the evaluation of kinematic characteristics of driver in steering maneuver.In order to propose the objective evaluation methods of steering comfort,the evaluation of steering movement quality of driver is developed on the basis of the study of the kinematic characteristics of steering maneuver.First,the steering motion trajectories of the driver in both comfortable and certain extreme uncomfortable operation conditions are detected using the Vicon motion capture system.The operation conditions are under the restrictions of the vertical height and horizontal distance between steering wheel center and the H-point of driver,and the steering resisting torque else.Next,the movement quality evaluation of driver steering maneuver is assessed using twelve kinds of evaluation indices based on the kinematic analyses of the steering motion trajectories to propose an objective evaluation method.Finally,an integrated discomfort index of steering maneuver is proposed on the basis of the regression analysis of subjective evaluation rating and the movement quality evaluation indices,including the Jerk,Discomfort and Joint Torque indices.The test results show that the proposed integrated discomfort index gives a good fitting with the subjective evaluation of discomfort,which means it can be used to evaluate or predict the discomfort level of steering maneuver.This paper proposes an objective evaluation method of steering comfort based on the movement quality evaluation of driver steering maneuver.

Lightweight design requires an accurate life prediction for structures and components under service loading histories. However, predicted life with the existing methods seems too conservative in some cases, leading to a heavy structure. Because these methods are established on the basis that load cycles would only cause fatigue damage, ignore the strengthening effect of loads. Based on Palmgren-Miner Rule(PMR), this paper introduces a new method for fatigue life prediction under service loadings by taking into account the strengthening effect of loads below the fatigue limit. In this method, the service loadings are classified into three categories: damaging load, strengthening load and none-effect load, and the process for fatigue life prediction is divided into two stages: stage I and stage II, according to the best strengthening number of cycles. During stage I, fatigue damage is calculated considering both the strengthening and damaging effect of load cycles. While during stage II, only the damaging effect is considered. To validate this method, fatigue lives of automobile half shaft and torsion beam rear axle are calculated based on the new method and traditional methods, such as PMR and Modified Miner Rule(MMR), and fatigue tests of the two components are conducted under service loading histories. The tests results show that the percentage errors of the predicted life with the new method to mean life of tests for the two components are –3.78% and –1.76% separately, much lesser than that with PMR and MMR. By considering the strengthening effect of loads below the fatigue limit, the new method can significantly improve the accuracy for fatigue life prediction. Thus lightweight design can be fully realized in the design stage.

河北省引黄输水工程是解决河北省水资源危机的有效措施.从1993年开始的引黄输水工程,为缓解河北省水资源紧张发挥了重要作用.通过对引黄输水水质监测结果分析,通过对8次引黄输水水质评价,在对所监测的项目中.有3次输水没有超标现象,有3次污染物的超标倍数小于或等于1,有2次超标倍数在1.2~2.8之间.从输水水质主要污染物分析,主要污染物为氨氮、挥发酚、总磷、总锰、总镉.根据对黄河水源水质资料分析,氮类污染和金属类污染主要受缓和黄河水源的影响,挥发酚、总磷污染主要受河道环境的污染.通过对引黄调水水质评价,受黄河水源和沿途河道的影响,引黄调水水质存在较大的不确定性.因此应加强对引黄调水水质的监测,为用水部门及时提供调水水质信息,以便制宰相席的用水方案.

职业院校开展职业价值观教育,应从确立职业价值观的目标出发,立足职业道德,回答"做怎样的人":强化职业认知,成为"合格职业人";探求职业发展,培养"和谐职业人".分析职业院校学生智能、思维结构类型,厘清职业价值观教育具有的特质,强调其对主体的重视,对个体职业生活体验的重视.对作为一种"内心"评判的重视,作为一种对"职业生活"理解的重视,从而创设可以激活学生体验的情境和活动.探讨在回归职业生活、回归内心体验情镜下的职业价值观教育实施路径.

施工中土工膜的接缝试验检测有严格的质量标准,同时土工膜焊缝又是防渗的质量控制重点,施工中通过对土工膜检测设备的改进,缩短了土工膜的施工及焊接检测、验收的时间,保证了渠道工程的施工质量,加快了施工进度;达到了较理想的使用效果.

水泥混凝土路面具有良好的抗冲击、抗冻、抗裂性能,有利于延长路面使用寿命、能有效减小路面截面厚度等优点.结合2010年度新沂河整治水泥混凝土路面防汛道路工程,介绍混凝土路面工程结构及施工特点,并对施工质量控制具体措施、混凝土路面质量检测及评定方法进行探讨,旨在为水泥混凝土路面在水利堤防配套防汛道路工程中的推广及应用提供借鉴.

与发达国家相比.我国教师教育职前培养质量评价缺乏整体教育服务意义上的专业标准.结合中美教师教育质量评价等已有指标体系或模型.研究分析武汉高校师范生和一线教师相关调查的数据,结果显示:办学思路、资源管理(含师资条件)、课程教学、教育实践、学生收获是影响我国教师教育职前培养标准化质量评价的五个核心要素:通过对"SMTCI"结构方程模型进行拟合度检验、路径分析和效应分析,得出了建立我国教师职前培养质量评价的内在联系性、冲突性、核心因子簇和基本发展思路.