科创中国

肝着liver fixity:a diseased condition arisingwhen qi and blood of the liver meridian becomedepressed and stagnant The so-called肝着,used first in Synopsis ofGolden Chamber (《金匮要略》),describes a path-ological condition caused by stagnation of qi andblood in the liver and characterized by thoracic

There is less research on vertical sculptured grinding technology.Especially in high vertical surface grinding process with the cup abrasive wheel,the thermal damage is prone to happen and undermine the grinding surface integrity.This problem limits to improve the grinding efficiency and the grinding ratio greatly.Through the analysis of vertical surface grinding process and features in depth,this paper revealed the inherent mechanism of higher grinding temperature in the process of vertical sculptured grinding using the cup wheel.Based on the previous research achievements,the grinding experiments on TC4(Ti-6Al-4V)and GH4169 are carried out utilizing the self-inhaling internal cooling wheel.The experimental results show that the self-inhaling internal cooling wheel can efficiently reduce the grinding surface temperature.Moreover,the inherent mechanism of reducing the grinding temperature using the internal cooling method is revealed.Meanwhile,under the same grinding conditions,the grinding ratio during the experiments on GH4169 using self-inhaling internal cooling method is about 3 times as high as using conventional external cooling method.And the grinding forces can be reduced by about 20%.This research revealed the inherent mechanism of higher grinding temperature in the process of vertical sculptured grinding using the cup wheel,which provides theoretical basis for the design and application of self-inhaling internal cooling wheel.At the same time,an efficient and non-invasive surface grinding method of TC4 and GH4169 is presented.

Many researches on drilling force and temperature have been done with the aim to reduce the labour intensiveness of surgery, avoid unnecessary damage and improve drilling quality. However, there has not been a systematic study of mid- and high-speed drilling under dry and physiological conditions(injection of saline). Furthermore, there is no consensus on optimal drilling parameters. To study these parameters under dry and physiological drilling conditions, pig humerus bones are drilled with medical twist drills operated using a wide range of drilling speeds and feed rates. Drilling force and temperature are measured using a YDZ-II01 W dynamometer and a NEC TVS-500 EX thermal infrared imager, respectively, to evaluate internal bone damage. To evaluate drilling quality, bone debris and hole morphology are observed by SEM(scanning electron microscopy). Changes in drilling force and temperature give similar results during drilling such that the value of each parameter peaks just before the drill penetrates through the osteon of the compact bone into the trabeculae of the spongy bone. Drilling temperatures under physiological conditions are much lower than those observed under dry conditions, while a larger drilling force occurs under physiological conditions than dry conditions. Drilling speed and feed rate have a significant influence on drilling force, temperature, bone debris and hole morphology. The investigation of the effect of drilling force and temperature on internal bone damage reveals that a drilling speed of 4500 r/min and a feed rate of 50 mm/min are recommended for bone drilling under physiological conditions. Drilling quality peaks under these optimal parameter conditions. This paper proposes the optimal drilling parameters under mid- and high-speed surgical drilling, considering internal bone damage and drilling quality, which can be looked as a reference for surgeons performing orthopedic operations.

美国公共行政理论中的管理主义范式经历了萌芽、形成、拓展和成熟四个发展阶段.实证主义是管理主义的哲学基础,因为实证主义为管理主义提供了方法论基础,而管理主义是实证主义在管理领域的具体应用.美国公共行政理论中的管理主义是在与宪政主义的争论中得以发展和完善的,其理论体系由单一化、片面化逐渐走向多元化、系统化;理论研究由注重经济、效率价值转向既注重经济、效率价值,又兼顾人本价值,这是美国公共行政理论中管理主义发展的内在逻辑.