科创中国

职业院校开展职业价值观教育,应从确立职业价值观的目标出发,立足职业道德,回答"做怎样的人":强化职业认知,成为"合格职业人";探求职业发展,培养"和谐职业人".分析职业院校学生智能、思维结构类型,厘清职业价值观教育具有的特质,强调其对主体的重视,对个体职业生活体验的重视.对作为一种"内心"评判的重视,作为一种对"职业生活"理解的重视,从而创设可以激活学生体验的情境和活动.探讨在回归职业生活、回归内心体验情镜下的职业价值观教育实施路径.

Pneumatic actuators and electric actuators have almost been applied to all manufacturing industries.The two kinds of actuators can replace each other in most fields,such as the point to point transmission occasion and some rotating occasions.However,there are very few research results about the advantages and disadvantages of two kinds of actuators under the same working conditions so far.In this paper,a novel comprehensive assessment method,named as overall life cycle comprehensive assessment(OLCCA),is proposed for comparison and assessment of pneumatic and electric actuators.OLCCA contains mechanical properties evaluation(MPE),life cycle cost analysis based on users(LCCABOU)and life cycle environmental impact analysis(LCEIA)algorithm in order to solve three difficult problems:mechanical properties assessment,cost analysis and environmental impact assessment about actuators.The mechanical properties evaluation of actuators is a multi-objective optimization problem.The fuzzy data quantification and information entropy methods are combined to establish MPE algorithm of actuators.Two kinds of pneumatic actuators and electric actuators with similar bearing capacity and similar work stroke were taken for example to verify the correctness of MPE algorithm.The case study of MPE algorithm for actuators verified its correctness.LCCABOU for actuators is also set up.Considering cost complex structure of pneumatic actuators,public device cost even method(PDCEM)is firstly presented to solve cost division of public devices such as compressors,aftercooler,receivers,etc.LCCABOU method is also effective and verified by the three groups of pneumatic actuators and electric actuators.Finally,LCEIA model of actuators is established for the environmental impact assessment of actuators.LCEIA data collection method and model establishment procedure for actuators are also put forward.With Simapro 7,LCEIA comparison results of six actuators can be obtained:Fossil fuels are the major environmental factor of pneumatic and electric actuators;Environmental impact of electric actuator is large than one of pneumatic actuator under the similar mechanical properties and working conditions of pneumatic and electric actuators.The results are correct and correspond with the actual mechanical properties of actuators.This paper proposes a comprehensive evaluation method of the actuators,which can solve the critical problem that similar electromechanical products are very difficult to be compared with each other from the angle of performance,cost and environment impact.

Objective Immediate physical exercise has been recommended for patients in the recovery phase to improve survival and quality of life(QOL)and reduce recurrence of disease.The new NCCN Guidelines for Survivorship also highlighted the role of exercise in post-cancer health,encouraging patients to perform light physical activity following treatment.The aim of our study is to effect of Tai Chi Chuan(TCC)on serotonin and cortisol for monitoring stress and QOL in post-treatment breast cancer patients.Methods Totally85 post-treatment breast cancer patients were enrolled in this study to observe the effects of practicing TCC on recovery,as well as stress and happiness which are indicators of QOL of in patients.Peripheral blood was drawn from study subjects to analyze the levels of serotonin,cortisol and high sensitive C-reactive protein(HSCRP)at baseline,and at 3,6 and 12 months of TCC practice.Blood was drawn from healthy subjects only at baseline.A QOL questionnaire was administered to study subjects at three time points throughout the study,and once for healthy controls.The data were processed by analysis of variance of repeated measurement.Results At 3,6 and 12 months time points following regular TCC exercise,WBC,RBC,hemoglobin in blood samples showed a statistically significant difference(F=161.55,172.14,289.73;all P=0.00);the level of serotonin(biomarker for well-being),cortisol(indicator of stress)and HS-CRP(biomarker for inflammation)showed a statistical improvement(F=307.46,182.85,102.23;all P=0.00).After 3,6 and 12 months of regular TCC exercise,according to the results of QOL questionnaire,the indicators including quality of sleep,perceived hunger,fatigue,contentment,stress and social interaction presented a significant difference(F=312.98,222.64,543.90,46.05,28.10,78.92,all P<0.05),while there was no statistical difference in life dissatisfaction(F=56.61,P=0.166)Conclusions TCC physical activity for post-treatment breast cancer patients improved QOL and overall well-being,leading to improved mental,physical and psychological functioning.Regulated levels of serotonin and cortisol mediated by TCC exercises are proved to be vital for continued good health.

Blade vibration failure is one of the main failure modes of compressor wheel of turbocharger for vehicle application.The existing models for evaluating the reliability of blade vibration of compressor wheel are static,and can not reflect the relationship between the reliability of compressor wheel with blade vibration failure mode and the life parameter.For the blade vibration failure mode of compressor wheel of turbocharger,the reliability evaluation method is studied.Taking a compressor wheel of turbocharger for vehicle application as an example,the blade vibration characteristics and how they change with the operating parameters of turbocharger are analyzed.The failure criterion for blade vibration mode of compressor wheel is built with the Campbell diagram,and taking the effect of the dispersity of blade natural vibration frequency and randomness of turbocharger operating speed into account,time-dependent reliability models of compressor wheel with blade vibration failure mode are derived,which embody the parameters of blade natural vibration frequency,turbocharger operating speed,the blade number of compressor wheel,life index and minimum number of resonance,etc.Finally,the rule governing the reliability and failure rate of compressor wheel and the method for determining the reliable life of compressor with blade vibration is presented.A method is proposed to evaluate the reliability of compressor wheel with blade vibration failure mode time-dependently.

Lightweight design requires an accurate life prediction for structures and components under service loading histories. However, predicted life with the existing methods seems too conservative in some cases, leading to a heavy structure. Because these methods are established on the basis that load cycles would only cause fatigue damage, ignore the strengthening effect of loads. Based on Palmgren-Miner Rule(PMR), this paper introduces a new method for fatigue life prediction under service loadings by taking into account the strengthening effect of loads below the fatigue limit. In this method, the service loadings are classified into three categories: damaging load, strengthening load and none-effect load, and the process for fatigue life prediction is divided into two stages: stage I and stage II, according to the best strengthening number of cycles. During stage I, fatigue damage is calculated considering both the strengthening and damaging effect of load cycles. While during stage II, only the damaging effect is considered. To validate this method, fatigue lives of automobile half shaft and torsion beam rear axle are calculated based on the new method and traditional methods, such as PMR and Modified Miner Rule(MMR), and fatigue tests of the two components are conducted under service loading histories. The tests results show that the percentage errors of the predicted life with the new method to mean life of tests for the two components are –3.78% and –1.76% separately, much lesser than that with PMR and MMR. By considering the strengthening effect of loads below the fatigue limit, the new method can significantly improve the accuracy for fatigue life prediction. Thus lightweight design can be fully realized in the design stage.

提出了"微观施工"和"微观施工仿真"的概念,以探索实现虚拟施工微观层面施工科学决策的方法,围绕微观个体原型的运动学与动力学仿真开展微观施工仿真关键技术的基础研究工作.提出虚拟施工机械的运动学建模D-H方法,实现了单塔机和双塔机尾随止典型协同模式的吊装动作仿真;提出基于EON Professional动力学组件的塔机整机动力学仿真方法.结果表明:复杂多体微观个体采用D-H方法实现运动学建模是可行的;整机动力学仿真效果良好,同时,验证了微观施工仿真辅助微观层面施工决策和提高用户交互体验的作用.

以往新闻史学界对北洋政府时期报业状况近乎全盘否定,但是从报业现代化的视角看则另有一番天地.这个时期,中国报业格局实现了官报、党报主流到民营企业报主流的整体转型;报纸内容完成了政论本位到新闻本位的大转变;职业报业启程并发展.北洋报业整体转型与职业化发展的原因,主要是民主制度的初步建立,经济发展和城市繁荣,国家权力真空的暂时出现,和西方现代新闻观念的大量引进.北洋报业转型、发展与变化,既表明中国报纸作为新闻纸性质的回归,也表明中国报业与世界报业发展的接轨,并大大缩短中国报业与发达国家报业发展的差距.

优良的新闻职业道德规范须遵循新闻传播活动的客观本性,又要符合人性,同时还要把更好地服务于人们的生活当做最终目的.

目的 探讨实习护生专业承诺在心理健康与择业效能感间的中介效应.方法 采用大学生职业决策自我技能感量表、症状自评量表、大学生专业承诺调查问卷对175名临床实习护生进行问卷调查.结果 实习护生择业效能感总分为(132.63±2.44)分;其心理健康、专业承诺、择业效能感两两之间存在相关性(P<0.0l);专业承诺在心理健康与择业效能感间的中介效应显著,且中介效应占总效应的45.43%.结论 护理教育者通过提高实习护生的心理健康和专业承诺水平,将有利于实习护生择业效能感的提高,从而实现成功就业.

基于沥青路面裂纹扩展行为,设计预切口小梁试件的疲劳试验,以模拟其复合裂纹扩展模式;以疲劳寿命指标来评价沥青混合料的抗裂性能,同时进行沥青混合料的低温弯曲试验和J积分试验,试验混合料采用4种低温性能差异显著的沥青胶结料.判别各项评价指标对试验混合料抗裂性能的鉴别程度,并分析沥青低温临界温度指标、低温弯曲试验指标、J积分试验指标与预切口小梁疲劳寿命的相关性.结果表明:以混合料疲劳性能为基准的混合料抗裂性能排序与沥青胶结料临界温度的排序一致,也与沥青混合料低温弯曲试验和J积分试验中能量指标的排序一致.