科创中国

Most researches on transient fuel control of port fuel injection S.I. engine are carried out from the perspective of advanced mathematical theories. When it comes to practical control, there exist many limitations although they are more intelligent. In order to overcome the fuel wetting effect of PFI engine, the application-oriented transient fuel control is studied by analyzing the key parameters which are closely related with the engine transient characteristics. Both validity and simplicity are taken into consideration. Based on the fuel wall-wetting theory and popular fuel compensation strategy, short-term transient fuel(STF) and long-term transient fuel(LTF), as well as their individual decay approaches, are introduced. STF is to compensate the drastic fuel film loss caused by sudden throttle change, while the function of LTF is to compensate the fuel film loss by manifold air pressure(p) fluctuation. Each of them has their respective pros and cons. The engine fuel mass and air mass are also calculated for air-fuel ratio(AFR) according to ideal gas state equation and empirical equations. The vehicle acceleration test is designed for model validation. The engine experiences several mild and heavy accelerations corresponding to the gear change during vehicle acceleration. STF and LTF control are triggered reliably. The engine transient fuel control simulation adopts the same inputs as the test to ensure consistency. The logged test data are used to check the model output. The results show that the maximum fuel pulse width(FPW) error reaches 2 ms, and it only occurs under engine heavy acceleration condition. The average FPW error is 0.57 ms. The results of simulation and test are close overall, which indicates the accuracy of steady and transient fuel. The proposed research provides an efficient approach not only suitable for practical engineering application, but also for AFR prediction, fuel consumption calculation, and further studies on emission control.

由于港口是产品和服务内外交互流通的重要通道,港口物流的发展越来越受到世界各国的重视和关注.借助SWOT组合战略分析,从全局战略、区域发展战略及港口物流发展三个方向找出适合我国港口物流发展的战略方向.

元素化合物知识是中学化学教学内容的重要组成部分,挖掘元素化合物知识的教学价值,研究其教学策略,提高元素化合物知识的教学效果,对提高中学化学整体教学质量具有重要意义.分析元素化合物知识的教学价值,构建了两种促进元素化合物知识教学价值实现的教学策略,以硫及其化合物的教学为例,采用课堂观察、学生访谈、问卷测查等定性与定量相结合的分析研究方法,对基于具体物质和基于转化的元素化合物知识教学的两种教学策略进行了实证研究,研究结果表明两种教学策略对教学价值的实现和核心教学目标的达成都有效,但是基于转化的元素化合物知识的教学策略教学效果更加显著,值得重视.

随着油菜基因组测序上作的完成和后续完善,油菜功能基因组学必将成为研究热点,如何构建高通量的突变体库则是影响其进展的关键.Ad/Ds(Activator/Dissociation)系统是构建插入型突变体库的理想技术,在水稻(Olyza Sativa)、拟南芥(Arabidopsis thaliana)等异源植物中应用较广,但在油菜中尚处于起步阶段.文章介绍了Ad/Ds系统的结构特点、转座机理等基本概况,阐述了利用Ad/Ds系统构建植物突变体库的优势及存在的问题.结合模式植物水稻和拟南芥的研究成果,进一步分析了利用Ae/Ds系统构建油菜突变体库的改进策略,并对其在油菜功能基因组研究中的应用前景进行了展望.