科创中国

Satellite-tracking technology has allowed scientists to make a quantum leap in the field of migration ecology. Nowadays, the basic description of migratory routes of many species of birds has been reported. However, the investigation of bird migration at individual level (i.e. repeatability in migratory routes and timing) still remains seldom explored. Here, we investigated repeated migratory trips of a trans-Saharan endangered migratory raptor, the Egyptian Vulture Neophron percnopterus, tracked by GPS satellite telemetry. We compared between- and within-individual variation in migratory routes and timing in order to assess the degree of repeatability (or conversely, the flexibility) in migration. To this end, we analysed a dataset of 48 trips (23 springs and 25 autumns) recorded for six adult birds during 2007-2013. Our results showed consistent migration timing at the individual level, both in spring and autumn. Interestingly, there was a high degree of flexibility in the routes followed by the same individual in different years, probably due to variations in meteorological conditions. Contrary to expectations of a faster migration in spring than in autumn owing to a time-minimization strategy for breeding, birds spent less time in autumn migration (13 ± 2 days, range = 9-18 d) than in spring migration (19 ± 3 days, range = 13-26 d), which can be explained by differences in environmental con- ditions en route. Egyptian vultures showed a consistent clockwise loop migration through western Africa, following more easterly routes in autumn than in spring. Finally, our results provide supporting evidence of low phenotypic plasticity in timing of migration (i.e. strong endogenous control of migration) and high flexibility in routes [Current Zoology 60 (5): 642-652, 2014].

英语和法语同属于印欧语系,在语音、词汇和句法和时态上有很多相似之处.英语对法语的学习同时具有正迁移和负迁移.是回避还是直面语言迁移?其实,回避是回避不了的.直面迁移,明晰英语和法语的相似点和相异点,有助于强化其正迁移和克服负迁移.因此,英法互译可以成为法语教学的重要手段.

Recently-developed capabilities for tracking the movements of individual birds over the course of a year or longer has provided increasing evidence for consistent individual differences in migration schedules and destinations. This raises questions about the relative importance of individual consistency versus flexibility in the evolution of migration strategies, and has implications for the ability of populations to respond to climatic change. Using geolocators, we tracked the migrations of Scopoli's shearwaters Calonectris diomedea breeding in Linosa (Italy) across three years, and analysed timing and spatial aspects of their movements. Birds showed remarkable variation in their main wintering destination along the western coast of Africa. We found significant individual consistency in the total distance traveled, time spent in transit, and time that individuals spent in the win- tering areas. We found extensive sex differences in scheduling, duration, distances and destinations of migratory journeys. We also found sex differences in the degree of individual consistency in aspects of migration behaviour. Despite strong evidence for individual consistency, which indicates that migration journeys from the same bird tended to be more similar than those of dif- ferent birds, there remained substantial intra-individual variation between years. Indeed, we also found clear annual differences in departure dates, return dates, wintering period, the total distance traveled and re~rn routes from wintering grounds back to the colony. These findings show that this population flexibly shifts migration schedules as well as routes between years in response to direct or indirect effects of heterogeneity in the environment, while maintaining consistent individual migration strategies [Current Zoology 60 (5): 631-641, 2014].

综述了纳米复合食品包装材料中纳米成分检测与迁移的国内外研究进展,重点就纳米复合包装材料中纳米成分检测的前处理方法、形貌检测和含量检测方法以及迁移研究进展进行了总结,为进一步的理论和实验研究提供参考.

我们经常遇到这样的情况,学生在学习物理知识时轻松、愉快,学习兴趣浓厚,可在解决实际问题时,往往一筹莫展,束手无策.究其原因是,在教学中重知识轻能力、学不致用.这种反差现象使我意识到:学生仅仅是懂得了物理知识还不足够,还要培养学生应用知识解决实际问题的能力,特别是知识迁移的能力.学生在学习过程中通过举一反三、触类旁通,把学到的某些物理原理、物理知识应用到学习新的知识或解决问题的活动中去,这就实现了知识的迁移.

利用2010年第六次人口普查数据,对我国人口迁移的特征及其影响因素进行研究.首先分析了包括年龄、性别、受教育程度和职业分布等在内的迁移人群的社会经济特征,继而从迁移原因、迁移人口的城乡分布、迁移时间、迁移类型与属性的交叉分析等方面探讨了人口迁移的类型学特征.引入就业可达性概念,分析了人口迁移率的空间格局、就业可达性与人口迁移率的空间匹配关系以及人口迁移流的空间格局,发现通过就业可达性格局可以很好地解释人口迁移率的分布.最后,采取多元线性回归技术研究了人口迁移的影响因素,结果表明,迁入地城镇居民收入与迁移率呈正相关关系,而迁出地城镇收入、迁入地的科技文化水平、迁移距离和迁入地农村收入则与迁移率呈负相关关系.

类比是将一类事物的某些方面进行比较,常以某一事物的正确或谬误证明这一事物的正确或谬误.类比法属于平行式思维方式,因此经类比后的推理也叫平行式推理.类比法的作用是由此及彼,因而类比法的特点是:先比后推.迁移是一个多角度、多方位的动词,这里所讲的迁移是知识点的迁移,有时我们还讲学习的迁移,它是学习活动中的一种方法,即把已获得的知识、情感和态度对后

动脉粥样硬化是血管慢性增殖性炎症过程,也是对血管损伤的反应和修复过程.高迁移率蛋白l作为一种重要的晚期炎症介质,参与多种炎性疾病的发生发展.Toll样受体是最重要的先天免疫系统的模式识别受体识别微生物的病原相关分子模式.高迁移率蛋白1可能通过Toll样受体激活炎性反应,参与动脉粥样硬化的发生和发展.

无线传感器网络中,异常时间序列的研究具有十分重要的意义。针对传统研究在海量数据环境中时间效率低下的问题,提出了基于Hadoop的异常时间序列检测算法。首先对时间序列进行预处理,然后在Hadoop的MapReduce操作中调用动态时间弯曲距离计算算法,实现了DTW距离计算的并行化,从而大大提高检测速度。同时针对传统DTW算法计算复杂度瓶颈问题以及传统约束方法准确率较低问题,提出了基于显著特征匹配的局部约束算法,对弯曲路径进行局部限制,在确保准确性的同时进一步降低了时间、空间复杂度。 Hadoop平台下实验结果表明,该方法既提高了检测速度,又保证了检测准确率。

视觉属性能够展现人们识别事物时所定义的语义概念,但现有的视觉识别工作往往忽略了属性在分类器设计中能作为中间媒介层的作用.本文给出一种将属性和事物类别同时用于构建分类器的方法.分析了传统多类分类器、直接类别相关模型、间接属性预测模型、直接属性预测模型的特点.在动物和室外场景数据集上的实验证明,利用属性进行分类器学习对于提高传统多目标分类和迁移学习的性能都具有很好的帮助.