科创中国

氧化低密度脂蛋白(ox-LDL)引起平滑肌细胞分泌炎症因子,被认为是引起动脉粥样硬化的重要原因之一.中国科学家通过体内和体外实验探讨了Toll样受体4(TLR4)在ox-LDL诱导的平滑肌细胞炎症因子分泌中的作用.在股动脉狭窄病人的粥样斑块的平滑肌细胞中,他们发现TLR4、IL1-β、TNF、MCP-1和MMP-2表达水平上升.在原代培养的野生型小鼠动脉平滑肌细胞中,ox-LDL可导致TLR4的表达和其他炎症因子分泌增加.然而,在敲除TLR4基因的小鼠中同样的实验未见TLR4

发生于脑干和丘脑的胶质瘤是一类毁灭性肿瘤,难以通过手术切除.为确定这些肿瘤的遗传和表观遗传学背景,作者对14例脑干胶质瘤(BSGs)和12例丘脑胶质瘤病例进行外显子组测序.同时该团队通过针对性突变分析对另外24例该类肿瘤及45例脑胶质瘤进行全基因组甲基化谱进行分析.这项研究发现肿瘤特异性突变PPM1D,该突变编码野生型p53蛋白诱导的蛋白磷酸酶1D(WIP1),其在37.5%的脑干胶质瘤中存在标志性的H3F3A基因突变导致编码第27

当野生的水芹、藜蒿疯长被风吹动的村庄里有着无边无际的繁荣苜蓿、青荇、马齿苋、胡葱与一岁一荣的时光并行而来那些纵横的阡陌,沉默的村落像一年年一茬茬一辈辈的初民生长、葳蕤、枯萎

注意:有些蘑菇是有毒的.在采摘野生蘑菇后,一定要彻底清洗双手.千万不要食用不认识的植物或菌类.实验中需要使用小刀,年龄较小的实验者需要有成年人在场指导协助实验.

采用ISSR(inter-simple sequence repeat)标记对鱇浪白鱼野生与养殖群体的遗传多样性和遗传结构进行分析.从40条引物中筛选出了13条用于扩增,共检测到97个位点,其中多态性位点72个.鱇浪白鱼野生群体的遗传多样性(PPB=62.89%; H=0.2490;I=0.3636)高于养殖群体的遗传多样性(PPB=58.76%; H=0.2267; I=0.3314).结果表明,鱇浪白鱼总体遗传多样性水平较高.基于Nei's遗传多样性分析得出的野生与养殖群体间的遗传分化系数Gst=0.0826,分子变异分析(AMOVA)结果显示Fst=0.0796,2种方法揭示的鱇浪白鱼群体间的遗传分化的趋势基本一致,表明约8%遗传变异存在于群体间,遗传变异大多存在于群体内.UPMGA聚类树中,野生与养殖群体大多各自相聚,再相互混杂,群体间的基因流Nm(5.55)比较高,说明野生群体和养殖群体间有一定程度的遗传分化,但没有达到种群遗传分化的水平,在遗传上有一定的交流空间.

Human activity has been shown to influence how animals assess the risk of predation, but we know little about the spatial scale of such impacts. We quantified how vigilance and flight behavior in mule deer Odocoileus hemionus varied with distance from an area of concentrated human activity--a subalpine field station. An observer walked trails at various distances away from the station looking for deer. Upon encounter, the observer walked toward the focal animal and noted the distance at which it alerted and directed its attention to the approaching human (Alert Distance; AD), and the distance at which it fled (Flight Initiation Distance;. FID). AD and FID both increased nonlinearly with distance from the center of the field station, reaching pla- teaus around 250 m and 750 m, respectively. Deer also tended to flee by stotting or running, rather than by walking, when far from the station but they walked away when near the station. These results indicate that deer perceive lower risk near a focused area of human activity, and that vigilance and flight behaviors respond on somewhat different spatial scales. The concept of a spatial "human footprint" on behavior may be useful for understanding how human activities affect wildlife

目的:建立测定青城山野生蕨菜中总黄酮含量的方法.方法:蕨菜干粉经提取水解后通过高效液相色谱法测定其中槲皮素和山柰酚的含量,从而确定总黄酮的含量.色谱柱为ZorbaxSB-C18(150mm*4.6mm,5μm),流动相为甲醇-0.4%磷酸溶液(52:48,V/V),流速为1.0mL.min-1,检测波长为254nm,柱温为(30±1)℃.结果:槲皮素进样量在0.204~2.040μg范围内与峰面积积分值呈良好线性关系(r=0.9996),平均加样回收率为98.28%,RSD=4.27%(n=6);山柰酚进样量在0.244~2.440μg范围内与峰面积积分值呈良好线性关系(r=0.9999),平均加样回收率为99.46%,RSD=4.82%(n=6).结论:本方法准确、可靠、重复性好,可作为蕨菜总黄酮含量测定方法,为蕨菜的药用开发利用提供依据.

目的探讨紧张型头痛患者的中医证侯特点及其与抑郁焦虑的相关性.方法对163例紧张型头痛患者进行中医辨证分型,然后采用综合医院焦虑抑郁量表测评.结果紧张型头痛患者以痰浊阻滞型最多,占50.3%;其次是肝肾阴虚型,占30.1%;肝阳上亢型最少,占19.6%.肝肾阴虚型患者与痰浊阻滞型患者抑郁焦虑得分均高于肝阳上亢型患者,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05).结论痰浊阻滞和肝肾阴虚是紧张型头痛的主要证型,并与抑郁焦虑关系密切.

Fear?and?anxiety?may?be?adaptive?responses?to?life-threatening?situations,?and?animals?may?communicate?fear?to?others?vocally.?A?fundamental?understanding?of?fear?inducing?sounds?is?important?for?both?wildlife?conservation?and?management?because?it?helps?us?understand?how?to?design?repellents?and?also?how?(and?why)?animals?may?be?negatively?impacted?by?anthropogenic?sounds.?Nonlinear?phenomena--sounds?produced?by?the?desynchronization?of?vibrations?in?a?sound?production?system-are?commonly?found?in?stress-induced?animal?vocalizations,?such?as?in?alarm?calls,?mobbing?calls,?and?fear?screams.?There?are?several?functional?hypotheses?for?these?nonlinear?phenomena.?One?specific?hypothesis?is?the?unpredictability?hypothesis,?which?suggests?that?because?nonlinear?phenomena?are?more?variable?and?somewhat?unpredictable,?animals?are?less?likely?to?habituate?to?them.?Animals?should,?therefore,?have?a?prolonged?response?to?sounds?with?nonlinear?phenomena?than?sounds?without?them.?Most?of?the?studies?involving?nonlinear?phenomena?have?used?mammalian?subjects?and?conspecific?stimuli.?Our?study?fo-?cused?on?white-crowned?sparrows?(Zonotrichia?leucophrys?ssp.?oriantha)?and?used?synthesized?acoustic?stimuli?to?investigate?behavioral?responses?to?stimuli?with?and?without?nonlinear?phenomena.?We?predicted?that?birds?would?be?less?relaxed?after?hearing?a?stimulus?with?a?nonlinear?component.?We?calculated?the?difference?from?baseline?of?proportion?of?time?spent?in?relaxed?behaviors?and?performed?pair-wise?comparisons?between?a?pure?tone?control?stimulus?and?each?of?three?experimental?stimuli,?including?a?frequency?jump?up,?a?frequency?jump?down,?and?white?noise.?These?comparisons?showed?that?in?the?30q50?s?after?the?playback?experiment,?birds?were?significantly?less?relaxed?after?hearing?noise?or?an?abrupt?frequency?jump?down?an?octave?but?not?an?abrupt?frequency?jump?up?an?octave?or?a?pure?tone.?Nonlinear?phenomena,?therefore,?may?be?generally?arousing?to?animals?and?may?explain?why?these?acoustic?properties?are?commonly?fou

Recursion?by?herbivores?is?the?repeated?use?of?the?same?site?or?plants.?Recursion?by?wild?animals?is?rarely?investigated?but?may?be?ubiquitous.?Optimal?foraging?theory?predicts?site?recursion?as?a?function?of?the?quality?of?the?site,?extent?of?its?last?use,?and?time?since?its?last?use?because?these?influence?site?resource?status?and?recovery.?We?used?GPS?collars,?behaviour?and?site?sampling?to?investigate?recursion?to?foraging?sites?for?two?elephant?Elephas?maximus?borneensis?herds?in?the?Lower?Kinabatangan?Wildlife?Sanctuary,?Borneo,?over?a?12?month?period.?Recursion?occurred?to?48?out?of?87?foraging?sites?and?was?most?common?within?48?hours?or?between?151-250?days,?indicating?two?different?types?ofrecursion.?Recursion?was?more?likely?to?occur?if?the?site?had?previously?been?occupied?for?longer.?Moreover,?the?time?spent?at?a?site?at?recursion?was?the?same?as?the?time?spent?at?the?site?on?the?first?occasion.?The?number?of?days?that?had?passed?between?the?first?visit?and?recursion?was?also?positively?correlated?with?how?much?time?was?spent?at?the?site?at?recursion.?Habitat?type?also?influenced?the?intensity?of?site-use,?with?more?time?spent?at?recursion?within?riverine/open?grass?areas?along?forest?margins?compared?to?other?habitat?types.?Recursion?is?a?common?behaviour?used?by?the?elephants?and?its?pattern?suggests?it?may?be?a?foraging?strategy?for?revisiting?areas?of?greater?value.?The?qualities?of?recursion?sites?might?usefully?be?incorporated?into?landscape?management?strategies?for?elephant?conservation?in?the?area?[Current?Zoology?60?(4):?551-559,?2014].