科创中国

Graph Cut方法用于医学图像分割具有精度高,分割准确等优点,但处理每一幅图片都需要用户选定对象和背景,耗时较长.区域生长方法适于对面积不大的区域进行分割,分割速度快,但需要人工选取种子点,且在对比度低的情况下分割效果不理想.针对医学CT连续断层图像间相关性强特点,提出一种把Graph Cut方法和区域生长方法相结合的图像分割算法GCRGIS.首先使用Graph Cut法对连续断层图像的首幅图像进行分割,以分割出的图像轮廓作为后幅断层图像待生长区域的边缘,将边缘进行腐蚀后再进行区域生长,分割出目标图像.实验结果表明,该方法处理连续CT图像时仅需对首幅图像进行人工交互,在后续图像的分割中避免了每幅图像都要人工交互的繁琐,分割效果好,速度快.

Many attentions for structural synthesis are paid to planar linkages and parallel mechanisms, while design novel pyramid deployable truss structure(PDTS) of satellite SAR mainly depends on experience of designer. To design novel configuration of PDTS, a two-step topology structure synthesis and analysis approach is proposed. Firstly, a conceptual configuration of PDTS is synthesized. Weighted graph and weighted adjacency matrix are established to realize topological description for PDTS. Graph properties are then summarized to distinguish differentia between PDTS and other type structures. According to graph properties, a procedure for synthesis conceptual configuration of PDTS is presented. Secondly, join relationship of components in a PDTS is analyzed. Kinematic chain and corresponding incidence/adjacency matrix are employed to analyze join relationship of PDTS. Properties and simplified rules of kinematic chain are extracted to construct kinematic chain. A procedure for construction kinematic chain of PDTS is then established. Finally, with this two-step approach all 11 rectangular pyramid deployable structures whose folded state is planar are discovered and their kinematic chains are constructed. Based on synthesis results, a novel deployable support structure for satellite SAR is designed. The proposed research can be applied to obtain some novel PDTSs, which is of great importance to design some novel deployable support structures for satellite SAR antenna.

Fault diagnosis of various systems on rolling stock has drawn the attention of many researchers.However,obtaining an optimized sensor set of these systems,which is a prerequisite for fault diagnosis,remains a major challenge.Available literature suggests that the configuration of sensors in these systems is presently dependent on the knowledge and engineering experiences of designers,which may lead to insufficient or redundant development of various sensors.In this paper,the optimization of sensor sets is addressed by using the signed digraph(SDG)method.The method is modified for use in braking systems by the introduction of an effect-function method to replace the traditional quantitative methods.Two criteria are adopted to evaluate the capability of the sensor sets,namely,observability and resolution.The sensors configuration method of braking system is proposed.It consists of generating bipartite graphs from SDG models and then solving the set cover problem using a greedy algorithm.To demonstrate the improvement,the sensor configuration of the HP2008 braking system is investigated and fault diagnosis on a test bench is performed.The test results show that SDG algorithm can improve single-fault resolution from 6 faults to 10 faults,and with additional four brake cylinder pressure(BCP)sensors it can cover up to 67 double faults which were not considered by traditional fault diagnosis system.SDG methods are suitable for reducing redundant sensors and that the sensor sets thereby obtained are capable of detecting typical faults,such as the failure of a release valve.This study investigates the formal extension of the SDG method to the sensor configuration of braking system,as well as the adaptation supported by the effect-function method.

CAD model retrieval based on functional semantics is more significant than content-based 3D model retrieval during the mechanical conceptual design phase. However, relevant research is still not fully discussed. Therefore, a functional semantic-based CAD model annotation and retrieval method is proposed to support mechanical conceptual design and design reuse, inspire designer creativity through existing CAD models, shorten design cycle, and reduce costs. Firstly, the CAD model functional semantic ontology is constructed to formally represent the functional semantics of CAD models and describe the mechanical conceptual design space comprehensively and consistently. Secondly, an approach to represent CAD models as attributed adjacency graphs(AAG) is proposed. In this method, the geometry and topology data are extracted from STEP models. On the basis of AAG, the functional semantics of CAD models are annotated semi-automatically by matching CAD models that contain the partial features of which functional semantics have been annotated manually, thereby constructing CAD Model Repository that supports model retrieval based on functional semantics. Thirdly, a CAD model retrieval algorithm that supports multi-function extended retrieval is proposed to explore more potential creative design knowledge in the semantic level. Finally, a prototype system, called Functional Semantic-based CAD Model Annotation and Retrieval System(FSMARS), is implemented. A case demonstrates that FSMARS can successfully botain multiple potential CAD models that conform to the desired function. The proposed research addresses actual needs and presents a new way to acquire CAD models in the mechanical conceptual design phase.

危险废物产生、处置、综合利用的真实情况是危险废物管理的基础,本文结合单位在本市危险废物处置的工作实践,指出了危险废物处置及管理中存在的问题,并提出优化建议.

洗钱已日益引起国际社会和各国政府的关注,并对实体经济产生了重要影响.本文区别了洗钱行为和洗钱犯罪,从金融学角度考察了洗钱活动的交易结构及洗钱方法,指出洗钱的交易结构同洗钱活动的起点和终点有关.同时从资金转换、资金转移以及资金转换和资金转移的混合的角度对洗钱方法进行了分类,并从资金转换与资金转移的角度探讨了13种典型洗钱方法的操作过程.

对贵州省遵义县有代表性的蔬菜地土壤重金属进行了研究和示范性评价.采用Kriging方法估计了目标地块中Cd和Pb的分布,结果显示它们存在较大的空间异质性.土壤重金属危害人体健康主要是通过食用富集重金属的农产品而产生的.为了正确地估计这种土壤重金属危害人体健康的方式,需要将蔬菜对重金属的富集规律和食品安全标准相结合建立评价模型.据此,构建了单因子和多因子评价模型和风险模型.根据实验数据(徐明飞等,2008)建立了9个蔬菜品种对Cd、Pb富集的模型,用该模型与无公害蔬菜产品标准相结合对目标地进行了评价.评价结果表明:在目标地块上生产的黄瓜、长瓜、丝瓜、番茄、萝卜和莴笋产品是安全的,即无风险(p=0);Cd对辣椒产品风险很小(p=0.0023);Cd对茄子产品有一定风险(p=0.4145),而Pb对两者均无风险(p=0);Cd和Pb对青菜产品有巨大风险(p=0.9821或p=0.96961).

对诺贝尔化学奖得主群体在获奖成就上所采用的研究方法进行了系统考察,分析了创新方法类型的演变与化学研究对象和概念之间的关系,挖掘了创新方法的化学学科特征.结果表明,在思维创新方面,化学奖得主从对传统培根式归纳法的强调,发展到对理论和实验之间关系的多元理解,并持有不同程度的实在论.工具和仪器的革新带来了化学领域概念的变化,以及化学结构本体论状态上的改变.创新方法经历了开始将物理学的模型、仪器、测量与计算方法引入化学研究、追求实验方法的简单性;到仪器革命带来的新工具促进结构测定与机理研究;再至综合多学科研究方法以及多种仪器技术,结合有机合成、检测技术从结构与性能上探讨生命现象的分子基础,以及量子化学计算与模拟成为研究新利器等三个阶段.

比喻,是一种修饰方法,是指描述事物或说明道理时,用于其相似之处的别的事物或道理来打比方.所谓教学比喻,就是把这种修饰方法移植到课堂上,用学生熟悉的且与新知识有某些相似的事例,对应说明新知识的疑难之处,配合正面讲解,以达到教学目的.从而使学生轻松地掌握科学知识.

在市场经济日益发展成熟的今天,企业之间经济往来变得越来越密切,互相投资、股权置换等行为日益频繁,股权关系也越来越复杂.虽然新会计准则使报表合并更加完善,但大部分都是原则性的规定,仍有许多企业在利用报表合并范围、合并方法的频繁变动进行利润操纵.现从会计报表的不同合并范围及合并方法对利润的影响进行探讨,以寻求会计准则及规范的日臻完善.