科创中国

Many researches on drilling force and temperature have been done with the aim to reduce the labour intensiveness of surgery, avoid unnecessary damage and improve drilling quality. However, there has not been a systematic study of mid- and high-speed drilling under dry and physiological conditions(injection of saline). Furthermore, there is no consensus on optimal drilling parameters. To study these parameters under dry and physiological drilling conditions, pig humerus bones are drilled with medical twist drills operated using a wide range of drilling speeds and feed rates. Drilling force and temperature are measured using a YDZ-II01 W dynamometer and a NEC TVS-500 EX thermal infrared imager, respectively, to evaluate internal bone damage. To evaluate drilling quality, bone debris and hole morphology are observed by SEM(scanning electron microscopy). Changes in drilling force and temperature give similar results during drilling such that the value of each parameter peaks just before the drill penetrates through the osteon of the compact bone into the trabeculae of the spongy bone. Drilling temperatures under physiological conditions are much lower than those observed under dry conditions, while a larger drilling force occurs under physiological conditions than dry conditions. Drilling speed and feed rate have a significant influence on drilling force, temperature, bone debris and hole morphology. The investigation of the effect of drilling force and temperature on internal bone damage reveals that a drilling speed of 4500 r/min and a feed rate of 50 mm/min are recommended for bone drilling under physiological conditions. Drilling quality peaks under these optimal parameter conditions. This paper proposes the optimal drilling parameters under mid- and high-speed surgical drilling, considering internal bone damage and drilling quality, which can be looked as a reference for surgeons performing orthopedic operations.

作为典型性的农业社会,哈尼族的医疗体系呈现出多元医疗并存的局面,分别是生化医疗、大众家庭疗法、草药和宗教仪式医疗的相互叠加.这也是我国特别是少数民族地区乡村医疗体系的一个缩影,通过对其探究,可以有助于我们更好的了解少数民族地区多元医疗体系共生共存的特点及其构建.探讨合乎当地民众的多元化医疗体系与模式,尊重多种医疗知识系统,协调不同医疗体系,让不同的医学体系融会,这也许是我国今后民族地区多元医疗体系构建的目标和方向.

目的:利用染色质免疫共沉淀测序研究Twist1结合的靶DNA序列,比较过表达Bcl-2和正常状态下Twist1结合靶DNA序列的变化.方法:筛选常态表达Twist1的肝癌细胞系,分别转染Bcl-2表达质粒和对照空载体,收集转染后细胞以甲醛交联DNA,收集样品进行染色质免疫共沉淀,获得与Twist1蛋白结合的DNA片段进行测序分析.结果:通过对5种肝癌细胞系进行筛选,观察到HepG2可表达Twist1,其与DNA结合序列在空载体对照组和Bcl-2过表达组具有很大的差别,结合DNA数量分别为68条和212条,其中共享序列154条.结论:Twist1在不同环境下与DNA结合位点多达212个,涉及粘附分子、细胞骨架、信号转导、代谢和转录调节等多种生物学功能.

在工业化国家,周末或节假日在医院值班的医护人员往往比平时少,但每天的急症患者数量与平时大体一致,这可能导致周末或节假日入院的危重患者死亡率较高.为了防范相关医疗风险,需要关注、解决有关问题.通过介绍发表在《新英格兰医学杂志》上的资料,总结经验:明确时限范围,严格病种纳入与对照;客观分析大量数据,阐述结果的可能原因;关注解决相关问题,降低患者医疗风险.

科研中经常遇到涉及两个因素的实验,若两因素有交互作用,则需采用析因设计、正交设计等设计类型,但这些设计通常需要进行较多次实验.若在理论和专业上可以证明,实验中涉及到的两个因素不存在交互作用,或交互作用对观测结果的影响无统计学意义,并且特定实验条件(通常为各因素不同水平的一种组合)下实验数据的测定误差在专业上允许的范围之内,则可采用无重复实验的随机区组设计、无重复实验的平衡不完全随机区组设计、具有一个重复测量的单因素设计、无重复实验双因素设计和两因素嵌套设计.本文结合实例,重点介绍后两种实验设计类型.

对医学图像进行去噪、增强可提高信息的利用率.传统的小波增强算法应用于医学图像时处理效果一般,针对该问题提出了一种基于二进小波变换的图像增强算法.首先,对图像进行多级小波分解,得到低频信息(尺度系数)和多个层次的高频信息(小波系数);然后,对图像的高频信息采用双闽值增强函数进行处理,同时,对图像的低频信息采用单阈值增强函数进行处理;最后,利用得到的低频信息和高频信息进行小波反变换.实验表明,该方法无论是增强效果还是抗噪性能都明显优于传统的图像增强算法,同时对医学图像具有较好的处理效果.