科创中国

近年来我国男男性行为者(MSM)中HIV感染率呈上升趋势,其中人口流动被证明是HIV传播的重要因素.江苏省MSM人群中HIV感染近几年也迅速上升,常州地区也不能幸免.常州地处苏南,经济发达,交通便利,人口流动频

Life-history theory predicts that in hibemators age of maturation is related positively to body size and negatively to the duration of active season aboveground. Yellow souslik is a large-sized ground squirrel with long hibernation, which suggests late maturation. We used four-year field observations of marked individuals to determine the age of maturation in males through analysis of age-dependent variation in body size, mass, androgen status, timing of spring emergence, ranging patterns and social behavior during the mating season. Yearling males were smaller, lighter, had lower level of fecal testosterone, emerged later and had smaller home ranges than older males. Social activity and the number of females encountered did not differ between age classes. After the second hibernation none of the studied parameters varied with age. Cluster analysis revealed two behavioral tactics: "active" males (adults only) emerged earlier, ranged more widely, initiated more contacts, encountered more females and were heavier than "passive" males (both yearling and adult). Thus, males of S. fulvus reached adult size and matured after two hibernations, which is relatively fast for such a big species with short active period. Indirect evidence for copulations and high variation among yearlings in all parameters suggest that some of them might successfully compete with adults. Active tactic of wandering and searching for females is energetically costly, and probably only adult males in good physical condition can afford it, whereas passive tactic of residing is energy saving and good for adults in poor condition and for yearlings that are continuing to grow.

产业集群研究呈现出从宏观到微观、从同质性到异质性、从“结构导向”到“行为导向”的深化发展趋势.在“微观异质”和“行为导向”的理论视角下,产业集群中一类重要的异质性主体——“知识守门者(knowledge gatekeepers)”的行为对产业集群升级产生了重要影响.在对“知识守门者”以及产业集群升级内涵进行界定的基础之上,本文认为“知识守门者”的知识行为——知识吸收行为、知识转译行为与知识扩散行为以及“知识守门者”的战略行为——技术跨越行为、网络建构行为和规则制定行为共同驱动了产业集群的升级.文章最后根据理论研究结论提出了促进我国产业集群升级的政策建议.

消费者神情矜持而倨傲,沉默良久抛出一句专业论断,把导购堵得哑口无言的场景不难见到.在消费者行为学中,为了转变消费者态度,增加品牌认知度和忠诚度,营销者有教育消费者的需要.然而,教育消费者这一概念的产生有一个假设前提,那就是消费者的产品知识和消费技能均不如营销者,处于被教育的地位.同时,也意味着营销者自身需要不断学习,充分掌握产品知识和使用方法,积累自身的消费经验,只有这样才能有效地教育消费者,让消费者产生对产品和品牌的积极态度,做出购买决策.否则,就会出现不是营销者教育消费者,而是被消费者教育的尴尬局面,在这种情况下要达成销售目标可就难了.如今在KA或社区小店,只顾推销的销售人员导购围着消费者喋喋不休,而消费者神情矜持而倨傲,手拿商品不置一词,良久,抛出一句专业论断,把导购噎得哑口无言的场景也不难见到.

本文就大股东控制、管理者过度自信对企业债务期限结构的影响进行了实证检验.研究发现:管理者过度自信程度与债务期限结构显著正相关;第一大股东持股比例和管理者过度自信的交互项与债务期限结构显著正相关,表明在第一大股东持股比例较高的公司中,管理者过度自信与债务期限结构的正相关关系有所增强;在实际控制人为国有性质和非国有性质的企业中,管理者过度自信对债务期限结构的影响并无明显差异.

患者男性,33岁,因发现左侧乳腺肿块2年入院.实验室检查:催乳素48.19 ng/ml,孕酮1.0 ng/ml.乳房B超:左侧乳腺区探及一33 mm*15 mm大小低回声团(图1),肿瘤边界清楚,内部回声不均,内可见少许液性暗区.彩色多普勒超声(CDFI):团块内见少许点状血流信号.弹性图像(主要用于评价病变的质地)显示:病灶范围内绿色和蓝色所占比例相近(弹性评分为3分).遂于2012年11月13日行左侧乳腺肿块切除术,11月27日再次行左侧乳腺癌改良根治术.

美国政府为解决长期存在的种族教育不公问题,在20世纪60年代推出了"肯定性行动",要求高校在招生时向弱势群体倾斜,从而扩大了黑人等少数族群进入高等院校机会.但"肯定性行动"随后却不断遭到白人的质疑和起诉,通过美国最高法院对1978年巴基案和2003年密歇根大学案的裁决,种族优惠招生政策在美国发生了变化,从最初的补偿理论过渡到多元化理论.

通过研究比较经典的规则利用案例,结合参赛者行为的特征,剖析了规则利用和参赛者行为的关系。参赛者行为旨在通过对规则的工具性合理运用而获取一些竞争优势甚至比赛胜利,规则利用是参赛者行为的一种方式;参赛者行为不同于运动员行为,前者更重视比赛结果,通过研究利用规则使自己利益最大化,而后者更重视比赛过程,要求运动员不仅要遵守书面规则,还要遵从规则精神;参赛者行为是以规则为基础的,因此它并不等同于作弊,也无法依据规则给予惩罚;惯常使用的规则完善方法无法杜绝规则利用和过度参赛者行为的发生;应该通过提高运动员的实践智慧,制定参赛指导精神和原则,减少或避免过度参赛者行为的发生。

Conservation?of?endangered?sympatric?species?must?be?carefully?executed?to?ensure?that?the?protection?of?one?species?does?not?negatively?impact?the?survival?of?another.?Critically?endangered?Pecos?gambusia?Gambusia?nobilis?and?Leon?Springs?pupfish?Cyprinodon?bovinus,?which?are?endemic?to?a?threatened?desert?spring?habitat,?exemplify?one?such?scenario.?Recently,?this?habitat?has?been?expanded,?and?captively?bred?C.?bovinus?were?released?to?repopulate?an?area?historically?known?to?contain?this?species.?A?previous?study?suggested?that?G.?nobilis?are?detrimental?to?C.?bovinus?populations,?due?to?their?tendency?to?congregate?near?spawning?pairs?and?feed?on?their?eggs.?Whether?G.?nobilis?are?attracted?to?territorial?C.?bovinus,?regardless?of?spawning?behavior,?remains?unclear.?To?determine?this,?the?number?of?G.?nobilis?in?occupied?and?unoccupied?breeding?territories?of?both?wild?and?captively?bred?C.?bovinus?was?measured.?Gambusia?nobilis?densities?were?similar?between?unoccupied?and?occupied?territorial?sites,?suggesting?that?they?do?not?show?a?preference?for?C.?bovinus?territories.?Regardless?of?habitat?location?or?prior?captivity,?territorial?C.?bovinus?significantly?excluded?G.?nobilis?within?their?direct?vicinity?(5?cm),?but?not?from?their?entire?territory.?Decreased?G.?nobilis?density?within?the?habitat?may?allow?C.?bovinus?to?defend?their?breeding?territories?more?readily?during?the?summer?spawning?season.?This?study?provides?empirical?evidence?of?captively?raised?individuals?behaving?similarly?to?wild?indi-?viduals?upon?reintroduction?to?their?natural?habitat?and?support?for?conservation?methods?that?focus?on?common?limiting?factors?between?endangered?species?[Current?Zoology?60?(4):?527-533,?2014].

目的 探讨SRY阳性的46,XX男性综合征患者的临床及细胞分子遗传学特征.方法 对其外周血淋巴细胞进行染色体核型分析;同时提取外周血基因组DNA,进行SRY基因检测,并以正常男性及女性作对照.结果 患者染色体核型为46,XX,SRY基因存在.结论 基因组中存在SRY基因可能与该例46,XX男性综合征患者为男性表型密切相关,对其进行检测有利于明确性反转综合征的临床诊断,通过染色体核型分析和分子遗传学检测,可为性发育异常患者明确病因,并为其治疗提供依据.