科创中国

Because antipredator behaviours are costly, the threat-sensitive predator avoidance hypothesis predicts that individual animals should express predator-avoidance behaviour proportionally to the perceived threat posed by the predator. Here, we experimentally tested this hypothesis by providing wild passerine birds supplemental food (on a raised feeding platform) at either 1 or 4 m from the edge of forest cover (potential refuge), in either the presence or absence of a nearby simulated predation threat (a sharp-shinned hawk Accipiter striatus model). Compared with the control treatment, we observed proportionally fewer bird visits to the food patch, and the birds took longer to re-emerge from forest refuge and return to feed at the food patch, after the hawk presentation than before it. The observed threat-sensitive latency-to-return response was stronger when the food patch was further away from the nearest refuge. Overall, our results are consistent with the predictions of the threat-sensitive predator avoidance hypothesis in that wild passerine birds (primarily black-capped chickadees Poecile atricapillus) exhibited more intense antipre- dator behavioural responses with increasing level of apparent threat. The birds were thus sensitive to their local perceived threat of predation and traded-off safety from predation (by refuging) and foraging gains in open habitat in a graded, threat-sensitive manner [Current Zoology 60 (6): 719-728, 2014].

潜在课程的提出体现了教育的人文主义立场,对学生的身心发展有着重大影响.英语教学应充分重视内隐学习的作用,强调素质(语言、文化、心智、情感)的教育,通过学习英语来学习文化、认识世界及培养心智,促进人的全面和谐的发展.文章在素质教育的宏观背景下探讨英语潜在课程的开发,探讨以人为本促进学生全面发展的英语教学的有效途径.

研究导致世界遗产"濒危"的威胁因素能够为我国世界遗产管理与保护提供重要借鉴.对全球濒危世界遗产威胁因素定量统计发现:武装冲突、管理不力、工程建设是世界文化遗产与世界自然遗产共同面临的三大威胁;世界文化遗产的主要濒危因素还包括城市发展压力、不合适的维修/重建等;世界自然遗产濒危因素则还包括非法偷猎、捕捞,以及林业采伐、农业种植、放牧等农林生产活动等.中国世界遗产面临的首要威胁因素是旅游发展压力,管理问题、城市发展压力、水利工程建设等也较为突出.提出中国世界遗产保护建议:明确遗产旅游价值取向,加强高峰期游客管理,控制旅游设施建设规模;提升管理水平与管理能力,探索世界遗产管理的新体系、新思路;妥善处理好城市发展对世界文化遗产的保护压力,积极预防极端自然灾害的破坏;严格控制世界自然遗产地内的道路建设、水利工程建设等.

The?conservation?behavior?framework?is?useful?to?identify?key?linkages?between?behavior?and?conservation?practice.?We?apply?this?framework?to?a?novel?host-parasite?system?on?the?Galapagos?Islands?and?ask?if?there?have?been?changes?in?parasite?oviposition?behavior?and?host?mortality?patterns?across?the?first?decade?(2004-2013)?of?its?known?association.?The?Dipteran?parasite?Philornis?downsi?was?first?discovered?in?Darwin's?finch?nests?in?1997?and?is?the?biggest?threat?to?the?survival?of?Galapagos?land?birds.?Host?mortality?has?increased?over?the?past?decade.?In?Dipterans,?pupation?and?pupae?size?are?determined?by?access?to?host?resources.?Here,?we?test?the?hypothesis?that?P?downsi?flies?are?laying?eggs?in?finch?nests?earlier?in?the?nestling?phase?to?maximize?larval?feeding?time?and?therefore?chance?of?pupation?success?before?host?death.?The?results?show?fewer?1st?instar?larvae?later?in?the?host?nesting?cycle?in?support?of?earlier?egg?laying?behavior?by?female?flies.?Between?2004?and?2013,?parasite?intensity?increased?from?-28?to?-48?parasites?per?nest,?host?mortality?increased?from?-50%?to?-90%,?and?host?age?at?death?decreased?from?-11?to?-5?days.?The?earlier?age?at?host?death?was?correlated?with?fewer?pupae?(from?-50%?to?-20%)?and?smaller?pupae?size?(-10%?decrease).?Changes?in?parasite?behavior?reveal?new?fitness?costs?to?both?the?parasite?and?Darwin's?finches.?These?findings?un-?derscore?the?need?for?urgent?conservation?action?to?save?Darwin's?finches?from?extinction?due?to?a?novel,?lethal?and?introduced?parasite?[Current?Zoology?60?(4):?542-550,?2014].

将云推理技术引入信息融合领域,提出一种新的基于MIN-MAX云重心推理的威胁评估方法.按照实际应用背景下目标的特点,构建分层式威胁评估属性集合;定义云群、云族、云三层隶属关系,对各属性进行云模型转换,并根据各属性的云模型设计前件云发生器;依据专家经验,构建推理规则库,并设计MIN-MAX云重心推理算法,将归一化属性值输入相应的前件云发生器,生成属性云滴,通过由下而上地逐级推理,得到威胁度云滴;最后,将经过多次重复推理得到的威胁度云滴输入逆向云发生器,输出值作为最终的威胁程度.以联合防空作战为背景,仿真实现了空中目标的威胁评估,验证了该方法的有效性.

近日,全球最大职业社交网站LinkedIn以"领英"的全新中文名进入中国市场,领英与风投巨头红杉中国(Sequoia China)以及美国著名金融公司CBC共同成立合资企业,进一步发掘中国潜在市场.LinkedIn成立于2002年12月,全球用户数已达2亿,注册用户可在其中维护他们的商业人脉.2012年4月,LinkedIn在中国成立北京代表处.其官方称,在中国拥有超过400万会员.今年1月,LinkedIn任命原糯米网CEO沈博阳为中国区总裁、全球副总裁正式进入中国市场.

在面向目标跟踪的传感器管理问题中,以信息增量作为优化指标的方法未考虑到不同类型目标的影响程度.实际应用中,不同威胁程度的目标应给予不同程度的关注,从而分配不同的传感器资源,因此提出一种目标威胁估计与传感器管理联合方法.利用人工势场法计算各目标的威胁指数,根据目标的威胁指数及其信息增量来构造新的传感器管理目标函数,在概率假设密度滤波(PHDF)算法框架下,通过使得目标函数最大来实现传感器资源的优化分配.仿真结果表明,与仅考虑信息增量最大化的方法相比,该方法能更合理地分配传感器资源.

据悉,欧元区目前陷入整体的危机,这也影响到中国的皮具皮革出口,中国目前也面临成本上涨等各种问题,而印度却越来越成为一个新兴的加工贸易基地,印度皮革企业认为从中国分流到印度的订单将有效弥补来自欧洲方面的损失.其他潜在市场还包括美国、日本、俄罗斯、加拿大和澳大利亚.但这些市场的最终成果如何,还要等到2012年第四季度才能看到,

analytica China于庆祝展会10周年之际,携手2012年的参展企业、各相关行业协会、媒体合作伙伴等共同发起"analytica China千人计划(Priority Customer Rewards)"活动.此次活动于2012年7月正式启动,将向所有潜在用户征集对于实验室产品的采购意向与需求.